Helenium flexuosum |
Helenium amarum |
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hélénie nudiflore, purple sneezeweed, purple-head sneezeweed |
bitter sneezeweed, fiveleaf sneezeweed, narrow-leaf sneezeweed, sneezeweed, yellow sneezeweed, yellowdicks |
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Habit | Perennials, 30–100 cm. | Annuals, 10–100 cm. | ||||
Stems | usually 1, usually branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy proximally, sparsely to moderately hairy distally. |
1–3(–15), usually branched distally, not winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
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Leaves | glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy; basal blades oblanceolate to obovate or spatulate, entire or serrate; proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or toothed; distal blades lanceolate to lance-linear, entire. |
glabrous or sparsely hairy; basal blades linear to ovate, entire or pinnately toothed or lobed to pinnatifid; mid and distal blades linear, entire. |
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Peduncles | 3–10 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy. |
3–11 cm, sparsely hairy. |
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Involucres | globoid to usually ovoid, 8–17 × 9–17 mm. |
hemispheric to globose or globoid, 5–9 × 6–10 mm. |
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Ray florets | usually 8–13, neuter, sometimes 0; corollas yellow to reddish brown to red to purple, 10–20 × 5–10 mm. |
8–10, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, 4.5–14 × 2–10 mm. |
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Disc florets | 250–500(–700+); corollas yellow proximally and purple distally or purple throughout, 2.3–3.7 mm, lobes 4(–5). |
75–250+; corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown or purple distally, 1.6–2.7 × 0.8–1.2 mm, lobes 5. |
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Phyllaries | (connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy. |
moderately to densely hairy. |
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Heads | (1–)5–50(–80+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays. |
(1–)10–150(–250+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays. |
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Cypselae | 1–1.2 mm, moderately hairy; pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 0.6–1(–1.7) mm. |
0.7–1.3 mm, moderately to densely hairy; pappi of 6–8 entire, aristate scales 1–1.8 mm. |
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2n | = 28. |
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Helenium flexuosum |
Helenium amarum |
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Phenology | Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Oct). | |||||
Habitat | Ditches, fields, washes, along streams | |||||
Elevation | 10–900 m (0–3000 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; NS; ON; QC
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AL; AR; CA; DC; FL; GA; IN; KS; LA; MI; MO; MS; NC; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; n Mexico
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Discussion | It has been suggested that Helenium flexuosum may be of hybrid origin from H. campestre (perennial, 2n = 28) and some member of Helenium sect. Tetrodus (H. F. L. Rock 1957). The only member of sect. Tetrodus that has a chromosome number of 2n = 28 is H. linifolium, an annual from southern Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 429. | FNA vol. 21, p. 428. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | H. nudiflorum | Gaillardia amara, H. tenuifolium | ||||
Name authority | Rafinesque: New Fl. 4: 81. (1838) | (Rafinesque) H. Rock: Rhodora 59: 131. (1957) | ||||
Web links |