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Helenium bigelovii

Bigelow's sneezeweed, tall sneezeweed, tall sneezweed

Virginia sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 30–130 cm. Perennials, 30–130 cm.
Stems

1–3(–10), unbranched or sparingly branched distally, weakly to moderately winged, glabrous proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally.

1(–2), branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate to oblong-elliptic, entire;

proximal and mid blades lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, entire;

distal blades linear to lanceolate, entire.

glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate, weakly to strongly lobed;

proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, usually entire, sometimes dentate;

distal blades usually lanceolate, entire.

Peduncles

(6–)10–30 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

2–8 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

Involucres

hemispheric to globoid, 12–20 × (14–)17–22(–25) mm.

globoid, 8–15 × 10–16 mm.

Ray florets

14–20, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 13–25 × 5–10(–12) mm.

8–13, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 10–15 × 4–10 mm.

Disc florets

250–500(–800+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to brown to purple distally, 3–4.4(–4.8) mm, lobes 5.

200–400+;

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 2.5–3.5 mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

(connate proximally) sparsely to moderately hairy.

Heads

1–20 per plant, borne singly or in paniculiform arrays.

2–25+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1.8–2.4 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 6–8 entire, aristate scales 1.3–2.2(–2.7) mm.

1.8–2.3 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 1.3–2 mm.

2n

= 32.

Helenium bigelovii

Helenium virginicum

Phenology Flowering (May–)Jul–Aug(–Oct). Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Bogs and swamps, around ponds and lakes, along streams, in moist meadows Around ponds, lakes, and bogs, swampy meadows
Elevation 60–3400 m [200–11200 ft] 300–500 m [1000–1600 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MO; VA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

M. C. Simurda and J. S. Knox (2000) presented ITS sequence data that placed a population of Helenium virginicum from the Ozark highlands of southern Missouri in a monophyletic group with six populations of H. virginicum from the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. R. L. Rimer and J. W. Summers (Missouri Department of Conservation, pers. comm.) located 42 H. virginicum populations in six counties in the Ozark highlands of Missouri. G. A. Yatskievych (Missouri Botanical Garden, pers. comm. to editors) has stated, “. . . the existence of this taxon in Missouri is no longer a matter of a single odd population, but probably rather another case of a taxon with two disjunct centers following dissection of a range during the Pleistocene glaciation.”

Helenium virginicum is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 432. Treatment author: Mark W. Bierner. FNA vol. 21, p. 431. Treatment author: Mark W. Bierner.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale
Name authority Torrey & A. Gray: in War Department [U.S.], Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 107. (1857) S. F. Blake: Claytonia 3: 13. (1936)
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