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Helenium bigelovii

Bigelow's sneezeweed, tall sneezeweed, tall sneezweed

hélénie nudiflore, purple sneezeweed, purple-head sneezeweed, southern sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 30–130 cm. Perennials, 30–100 cm.
Stems

1–3(–10), unbranched or sparingly branched distally, weakly to moderately winged, glabrous proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally.

usually 1, usually branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy proximally, sparsely to moderately hairy distally.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate to oblong-elliptic, entire;

proximal and mid blades lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, entire;

distal blades linear to lanceolate, entire.

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate to obovate or spatulate, entire or serrate;

proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or toothed;

distal blades lanceolate to lance-linear, entire.

Peduncles

(6–)10–30 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

3–10 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

Involucres

hemispheric to globoid, 12–20 × (14–)17–22(–25) mm.

globoid to usually ovoid, 8–17 × 9–17 mm.

Ray florets

14–20, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 13–25 × 5–10(–12) mm.

usually 8–13, neuter, sometimes 0;

corollas yellow to reddish brown to red to purple, 10–20 × 5–10 mm.

Disc florets

250–500(–800+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to brown to purple distally, 3–4.4(–4.8) mm, lobes 5.

250–500(–700+);

corollas yellow proximally and purple distally or purple throughout, 2.3–3.7 mm, lobes 4(–5).

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

Heads

1–20 per plant, borne singly or in paniculiform arrays.

(1–)5–50(–80+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1.8–2.4 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 6–8 entire, aristate scales 1.3–2.2(–2.7) mm.

1–1.2 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 0.6–1(–1.7) mm.

2n

= 32.

= 28.

Helenium bigelovii

Helenium flexuosum

Phenology Flowering (May–)Jul–Aug(–Oct). Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Oct).
Habitat Bogs and swamps, around ponds and lakes, along streams, in moist meadows Ditches, fields, washes, along streams
Elevation 60–3400 m [200–11200 ft] 10–900 m [30–3000 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

It has been suggested that Helenium flexuosum may be of hybrid origin from H. campestre (perennial, 2n = 28) and some member of Helenium sect. Tetrodus (H. F. L. Rock 1957). The only member of sect. Tetrodus that has a chromosome number of 2n = 28 is H. linifolium, an annual from southern Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 432. Treatment author: Mark W. Bierner. FNA vol. 21, p. 429. Treatment author: Mark W. Bierner.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Synonyms H. nudiflorum
Name authority Torrey & A. Gray: in War Department [U.S.], Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 107. (1857) Rafinesque: New Fl. 4: 81. (1838)
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