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Helenium bigelovii

Bigelow's sneezeweed, tall sneezeweed, tall sneezweed

bitter sneezeweed, fiveleaf sneezeweed, narrow-leaf sneezeweed, sneezeweed, yellow sneezeweed, yellowdicks

Habit Perennials, 30–130 cm. Annuals, 10–100 cm.
Stems

1–3(–10), unbranched or sparingly branched distally, weakly to moderately winged, glabrous proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally.

1–3(–15), usually branched distally, not winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate to oblong-elliptic, entire;

proximal and mid blades lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, entire;

distal blades linear to lanceolate, entire.

glabrous or sparsely hairy;

basal blades linear to ovate, entire or pinnately toothed or lobed to pinnatifid;

mid and distal blades linear, entire.

Peduncles

(6–)10–30 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

3–11 cm, sparsely hairy.

Involucres

hemispheric to globoid, 12–20 × (14–)17–22(–25) mm.

hemispheric to globose or globoid, 5–9 × 6–10 mm.

Ray florets

14–20, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 13–25 × 5–10(–12) mm.

8–10, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 4.5–14 × 2–10 mm.

Disc florets

250–500(–800+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to brown to purple distally, 3–4.4(–4.8) mm, lobes 5.

75–250+;

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown or purple distally, 1.6–2.7 × 0.8–1.2 mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

moderately to densely hairy.

Heads

1–20 per plant, borne singly or in paniculiform arrays.

(1–)10–150(–250+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1.8–2.4 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 6–8 entire, aristate scales 1.3–2.2(–2.7) mm.

0.7–1.3 mm, moderately to densely hairy;

pappi of 6–8 entire, aristate scales 1–1.8 mm.

2n

= 32.

Helenium bigelovii

Helenium amarum

Phenology Flowering (May–)Jul–Aug(–Oct).
Habitat Bogs and swamps, around ponds and lakes, along streams, in moist meadows
Elevation 60–3400 m [200–11200 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; DC; FL; GA; IN; KS; LA; MI; MO; MS; NC; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; n Mexico
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Basal and proximal cauline leaves usually withered by flowering; basal blades usually entire or pinnately toothed, sometimes pinnatifid; proximal blades usually entire, sometimes pinnately toothed; disc corollas yellow to yellow-brown distally
var. amarum
1. Basal and proximal cauline leaves often present at, sometimes withered by, flowering; basal blades pinnatifid; proximal blades entire or pinnately toothed or lobed to pinnatifid; disc corollas purple distally
var. badium
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 432. Treatment author: Mark W. Bierner. FNA vol. 21, p. 428. Treatment author: Mark W. Bierner.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Subordinate taxa
H. amarum var. amarum, H. amarum var. badium
Synonyms Gaillardia amara, H. tenuifolium
Name authority Torrey & A. Gray: in War Department [U.S.], Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 107. (1857) (Rafinesque) H. Rock: Rhodora 59: 131. (1957)
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