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Helenium autumnale

common sneezeweed, fall sneezeweed, hélénie automnale, large-flower sneezeweed, mountain sneezeweed

savanna sneezeweed, savannah sneezeweed, spring sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 50–130 cm. Perennials, 30–80 cm.
Stems

1(–7), branched distally, strongly winged, sparsely to densely hairy proximally, moderately to densely hairy distally.

usually 1, usually unbranched distally, weakly winged, glabrous proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally.

Leaves

usually moderately to densely hairy, sometimes glabrous;

basal blades (withered by flowering) lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, entire or weakly lobed;

proximal and mid blades obovate to oblanceolate, usually dentate or entire;

distal blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or dentate.

usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy;

basal blades obovate to narrowly oblanceolate, usually entire or undulate to undulate-serrate;

proximal and mid blades usually narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, usually entire, sometimes toothed;

distal blades lance-linear, entire.

Peduncles

3–10 cm, moderately to densely hairy.

2–23 cm, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy.

Involucres

globoid, 8–20 × 8–23 mm.

hemispheric, 10–17 × 15–27 mm.

Ray florets

8–21, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 10–23 × 4–10 mm.

13–30, neuter;

corollas yellow, 15–21 × 5–10 mm.

Disc florets

200–400(–800+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 2.4–4 mm, lobes 5.

150–650(–800+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 4.6–6 mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Heads

5–70(–100+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

1(–3) per plant, usually borne singly.

Cypselae

1–2 mm, sparsely to moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–7 entire, aristate scales (0.5–)0.9–1.5(–1.8) mm.

1–1.5 mm, glabrous;

pappi of usually 8 entire or lacerate, non-aristate scales 1.5–2 mm.

2n

= 32, 34, 36.

= 34.

Helenium autumnale

Helenium vernale

Phenology Flowering (Jul–)Aug–Oct(–Nov). Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Roadsides, fields, along streams, ditches, seepage areas, around ponds and lakes Ditches, other moist areas such as wet woods, bogs, and swamp edges
Elevation 20–2600 m (100–8500 ft) 10–50 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The name Helenium nuttallii A. Gray is illegitimate; it has been applied to plants treated here as H. vernale.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 431. FNA vol. 21, p. 429.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. virginicum
Synonyms H. autumnale var. canaliculatum, H. autumnale var. fylesii, H. autumnale var. grandiflorum, H. autumnale var. montanum, H. autumnale var. parviflorum, H. latifolium, H. parviflorum
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 886. (1753) Walter: Fl. Carol., 210. (1788)
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