Flora of North America species comparison

and branch leaves erect to secund when dry, spreading when moist, ovate, broadly oblong-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, strongly concave;

base narrowing to insertion, broadly decurrent to abruptly concave-auriculate;

margins erect, incurved, or revolute on one or both sides, mostly entire, denticulate to irregularly spinose-serrate at apex;

apex acute, acuminate, or piliferous, concolorous, hyaline-white, or hyaline with pellucid tips, flat to subtubular, epilose, terminating in sharp or truncate point, or capillary hair; ecostate;

alar cells differentiated, small or somewhat enlarged, often smooth, becoming papillose distally, walls thin or thick and porose, region in several marginal rows or in excavate auricles;

laminal cells 1-stratose, papillose on both surfaces, walls usually thick, coarsely porose-sinuose;

laminal cells near insertion short-rectangular, often smooth;

mid basal cells concolorous to pigmented, papillae simple;

medial and distal cells subquadrate, short-rectangular, or oblong-rhombic, 1–2(–3):1, 1- or multipapillose over lumina and/or walls, papillae simple or multifid;

apical cells chlorophyllose or echlorophyllose, smooth to papillose, walls thick, even to strongly porose.

1.5–3 mm;

margins broadly recurved to 1/3 leaf length, narrowly recurved to apex on one or both sides, or plane mid leaf and plane, erect, and/or incurved in acumen on same plant, teeth in apex broad, irregularly papillose to smooth;

apex erect, erect-spreading, or often secund when dry, broad and hyaline, muticous, or acuminate with acumen narrow-based, 1/10–1/5 leaf length, broadly or narrowly, shallowly or deeply channeled, extreme apex flat;

medial and distal laminal cells with papillae (1–)2(–4), small, simple, sessile, or low-stalked, variously branched;

laminal cells in hyaline area with papillae low, simple, in linear rows throughout or sparsely to coarsely and irregularly papillose proximally and smooth to minutely rounded-papillose distally;

apical cell short-rhomboidal, obtuse to truncate, (40–)50–75(–80) µm, multipapillose-coronate.

single, very short or to beyond perichaetial leaves, straight, slender to stout, smooth, usually with sclerotic swelling below capsule neck.

autoicous or paroicous [rarely synoicous];

perigonia axillary on secondary stems and branches, gemmate;

perichaetia terminal on main stems and branches, often appearing lateral by innovation, leaves erect, similar to vegetative leaves or larger, longer, ovate to narrowly ovate-lanceolate, margins entire, not to conspicuously ciliate, cilia sparse mid leaf, dense in apex, often longer than leaf length, hyaline.

stegocarpous, erect, immersed to exserted, subglobose, obovoid, ovoid-cylindric, ellipsoid, fusiform, pyriform, or obpyriform, symmetric, contracted at base and below mouth, neck short, irregularly longitudinally sulcate when dry, mouth rigid, smooth, incurved, wide or narrow;

stomata in neck, cryptoporic or phaneroporic;

annulus absent;

operculum planoconvex, sometimes subumbonate-apiculate, or conic and rostrate;

peristome absent.

naked, sparsely pilose proximally, or densely pilose throughout.

conic-mitrate or cucullate, undivided at base or with several lobes, smooth, naked or pilose.

irregularly spheroid, flattened, with obscure triradiate mark on one side, brown.

with leaves plane, margins long-ciliate distally.

sparsely to densely pilose.

with paraphyses few or many, long-filiform, yellow-hyaline.

asexual reproduction absent.