Gymnocladus dioicus |
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Kentucky coffee-tree |
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Habit | Trees to 30 m. Stems with numerous branches; bark dark brown, to 3 cm diam., deep fissures present forming crusty ridges; twigs somewhat hairy early, pithy, stout, gradually becoming brown and imprinted with leaf scars. |
Leaves | 30–90 × 40–60 cm; stipules 1 cm; first, sometimes also second, pinnae consisting of leaflets often 2 times as large as others; pinnae short-petiolulate; leaflets 6–14, terminal often absent; blades ovate to oval, 30–70 mm, base rounded, apex acuminate, woolly and pinkish when unfolding, surfaces abaxially pale green, adaxially shiny, dark green. |
Flowers | calyx 1 cm, hairy, lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla actinomorphic, petals 5, oblong, 1–1.5 cm; stamens shorter than petals, filaments hairy, anthers bright orange; ovary sessile, hairy; style short. |
Legumes | borne in clusters of 3–5, dark red-brown, 12–25 × 3–7 cm, glaucous, margins thick, with dark pulp surrounding seeds. |
Seeds | dark brown, 2 cm, hard; endosperm thin. |
2n | = 28. |
Gymnocladus dioicus |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Rich bottomlands, slope forests, disturbed areas. |
Elevation | 10–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON [Introduced in South America, Europe, Australia]
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Discussion | Some of the more peripheral northern, eastern, and southeastern occurrences of Gymnocladus dioicus (Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, eastern Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, eastern Pennsylvania, Quebec, and South Carolina) are presumably escapes from horticultural introductions, but the exact limits of native and introduced distributions are unclear in some areas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Gymnocladus |
Synonyms | Guilandina dioica |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) K. Koch: Dendrologie 1: 5. (1869) |
Web links |