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guayacan, guayacán, huayacán, soap-bush, Texas lignum-vitae

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 3(–7) m; trunk well defined, to 0.3 m diam.; bark fissured vertically; branches many, spreading or straggling, knotty; crown diffuse.
Leaves

opposite or fascicled, 1–3 cm, folded at night and often also in heat of day;

stipules persistent, subulate, 1 mm, apex acute, somewhat spinescent, glabrous;

petiole absent or nearly so;

leaflets 8–16, dark green, linear-oblong to linear-spatulate, 5–15 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse, coriaceous, surfaces reticulate.

Pedicels

hairy.

Flowers

axillary, mostly solitary, sometimes clustered, 1.2–2 cm diam.;

sepals (4–)5, obovate, to 5 mm, outer smaller;

petals (4–)5, usually blue to purple, rarely white, obovate to elliptic, 6–10 × 2–3 mm, base short-clawed, apex often notched;

stamens (8–)10, shorter than petals;

filaments each with small crenate scale at base;

ovary obcordiform, flattened, 2(–4)-lobed, 2(–4)-locular, hairy;

style subulate.

Capsules

becoming orange, obcordiform, flattened, 10–20 mm diam., 2(–4)-lobed, 2(–4)-locular, ± 2(–4)-winged, apex abruptly attenuate-apiculate, reticulate, hairy.

Seeds

yellowish brown, ovoid to reniform, 10–11 mm.

Guaiacum angustifolium

Phenology Flowering Mar–Sep.
Habitat Shrubby vegetation, limestone soils.
Elevation 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
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Discussion

Guaiacum angustifolium occurs in southern, central, and western Texas. The root bark is used as a source of soap, and root extracts are used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The stems are used for fence posts, tool handles, and firewood.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 35.
Parent taxa Zygophyllaceae > Guaiacum
Sibling taxa
G. sanctum
Synonyms Porlieria angustifolia
Name authority Engelmann: in F. A. Wislizenus, Mem. Tour N. Mexico, 113. (1848)
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