Grimmia reflexidens
Grimmia anomala
grimmia dry rock moss
1–2 cm, central strand absent.
1.5–3.5 cm, small central strand present.
in clusters, globular, yellowish green to orange, multicellular, on hyaline, deformed leaf apices.
ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 0.1–1.15 × 0.3–0.5 mm, keeled, not plicate, margins plane, awns 1–2 mm, very long, smooth to slightly denticulate, flattened basally, long-decurrent, costal transverse section prominent, semi-circular;
basal juxtacostal laminal cells rectangular, sometimes nodulose, thin- to thick-walled;
basal marginal laminal cells rectangular with thickened transverse walls, pellucid in 2–4 rows;
medial laminal cells rounded-quadrate, slightly sinuose, thick-walled;
distal laminal cells yellowish green, 1-stratose with 2-stratose ridges, not bulging, marginal cells 2-stratose, not bulging.
irregularly imbricate when dry, erect when moist, oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed into a blunt chlorophyllose point, 1.5–2.5 × 0.4–0.8 mm, keeled, margins recurved on one or both sides, awns absent to very short, costa projecting on abaxial side;
basal juxtacostal laminal cells quadrate to short-rectangular, straight, thin-walled;
basal marginal laminal cells quadrate to short-rectangular with thickened transverse walls;
medial laminal cells rounded-quadrate, walls slightly sinuose, thin- or thick-walled;
distal laminal cells 1-stratose, in places 2-stratose, margins 1-stratose.
straight to slightly arcuate when moist, 3–5 mm.
dioicous, perichaetial leaves enlarged.
dioicous.
absent in northern hemisphere material, emergent to shortly exserted, yellowish brown, oblate, exothecial cells irregularly short-rectangular, thin-walled, stomata absent, annulus of 1 row of quadrate, thick-walled cells, operculum mammillate to rostrate, peristome present, nearly fully-developed, split and perforated only in apex, papillose.]
extremely rare, exserted, brownish, oblong-ovoid, smooth, exothecial cells isodiametric, thick-walled, annulus present, operculum with long straight beak, peristome teeth orange, fully-developed, smooth proximally, perforated and papillose distally.
mitrate.
Grimmia reflexidens
Grimmia anomala
Of conservation concern.
Previous to its discovery in Iceland, as Grimmia grisea (H. C. Greven 1998), G. reflexidens was known from only the Southern Hemisphere. It had previously been collected east of East Bay, Newfoundland, now the only known locality in North America, but was not recognized as G. reflexidens. The latter is similar to G. asperitricha Dixon & Sainsbury of New Zealand, and the two species have been confused by G. O. K. Sainsbury (1945) as well as by R. Ochyra (1993). J. Muñoz (1998b) synonymized G. reflexidens with G. sessitana. However, the former is readily separated from the latter by: (1) enlarged perichaetial leaves, (2) decurrent awns, (3) non-bulging laminal cells, and (4) dioicous sexual condition. Capsules are unknown from Northern Hemisphere material, but G. reflexidens lacks stomata while they are present for G. sessitana. Although G. reflexidens and G. teretinervis both have decurrent awns they are easily separated by a number of characters: G. reflexidens grows in compact cushions, has long awns, and a semicircular costa; G. teretinervis grows in loose clumps, is hyaline-tipped to short-awned, and has a unique costa that is distally almost completely circular in transverse section.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Because of the always abundant gemmae on leaf apices, Grimmia anomala has often been confused with G. hartmanii. Indeed, it has frequently been treated as a variety of that species (G. N. Jones 1933; E. Lawton 1971). However, as pointed out by O. Vitikainen (1969), the ecological and morphological features of G. hartmanii are so constant and distinct that there is no doubt that it can be treated as a separate species. Special features of G. anomala are stems with central strands, and longitudinal ridges on cell walls in the distal part of the leaf that resemble papillae in transverse section. It tends to prefer upland habitats. In contrast, G. hartmanii is principally a lowland species, frequently growing on boulders in forests. It lacks a central strand, and longitudinal ridges are absent. Its spreading, secund distal leaves taper to long, sharply keeled apices.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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