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round-fruit hedge-hyssop, Virginia hedge-hyssop

pool sprite, snorkelwort

Habit Annuals. Annuals.
Stems

ascending to erect, simple or few-branched, 4–50 cm, glabrous or glabrate proximally, glabrous or glandular-puberulent distally.

erect, simple or few-branched, (7–)9–21(–29) cm, glabrous or glabrate proximally, glabrate or glandular-puberulent distally.

Leaves

blade lanceolate to elliptic or oblong-obovate, 15–70 × 5–25 mm, margins entire or with 1–4 pairs of blunt or sharp teeth distally, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces glabrous.

dimorphic, submersed basal and clustered, floating paired at ends of branches to 70 mm, blade of submersed lanceolate to oblanceolate or oblong, 1–7 × 0.5–3 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces glabrous, blade of floating elliptic to ovate or nearly round, 3–10 × 2–9 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded or retuse, surfaces glabrous.

Pedicels

stout, 1–12 mm, length 0.1–0.3 times bract, glabrous or sparsely glandular-puberulent;

bracteoles 2, 2–6 mm.

stout, 0.1–3 mm, length less than 0.1 times bract, glabrous;

bracteoles 0.

Flowers

sepals distinct, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate or oblong, 4–7 mm;

corolla 8–15 mm, tube greenish white to greenish yellow or yellow, veins purple or brownish purple, limb white, sometimes tinged lavender;

style 2–4 mm.

sepals connate proximally, calyx lobes obovate to oblong, 0.7–1 mm;

corolla 3–4 mm, tube and limb white tinged pink or purple, veins lavender or purple;

style 0.5–1 mm.

Capsules

subglobular, (3–)4–9 × 4–8 mm.

bilaterally symmetric, obcordiform, 2–3 × 3–4 mm.

Seeds

0.7–0.8 mm.

(0.3–)0.4–0.5 mm.

2n

= 16.

= 18.

Gratiola virginiana

Gratiola amphiantha

Phenology Flowering Mar–Oct. Flowering Mar–Apr.
Habitat Stream banks, swamps, floodplain pools and ponds, swamps. Shallow, ephemeral pools on exposed granite outcrops.
Elevation 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) 100–300 m. (300–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV [Introduced in Mexico (Veracruz)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; GA; SC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Some plants from tidal wetlands in Maryland, New Jersey, and Virginia are purportedly relatively shorter in stature and bear shorter pedicels and smaller capsules than most plants of Gratiola virginiana. They have been treated as var. aestuariorum; the distinctness of var. aestuariorum has not been assessed in the context of morphological variation across the range of G. virginiana.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Phylogenetic studies confirmed that Gratiola amphiantha, long treated in monospecific Amphianthus, is embedded in Gratiola (D. Estes and R. L. Small 2008). Gratiola amphiantha is listed as a federally-threatened species by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 269. FNA vol. 17, p. 266.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Gratiola Plantaginaceae > Gratiola
Sibling taxa
G. amphiantha, G. brevifolia, G. ebracteata, G. floridana, G. graniticola, G. heterosepala, G. lutea, G. neglecta, G. quartermaniae, G. ramosa, G. torreyi, G. viscidula
G. brevifolia, G. ebracteata, G. floridana, G. graniticola, G. heterosepala, G. lutea, G. neglecta, G. quartermaniae, G. ramosa, G. torreyi, G. virginiana, G. viscidula
Synonyms G. virginiana var. aestuariorum Amphianthus pusillus
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 17; 2: 1200. (1753) D. Estes & R. L. Small: Syst. Bot. 33: 181. (2008)
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