Gratiola |
Gratiola virginiana |
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hedge-hyssop, hyssop |
round-fruit hedge-hyssop, Virginia hedge-hyssop |
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Habit | Herbs, annual or perennial. | Annuals. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | decumbent to ascending or erect, glabrous or glandular-hairy. |
ascending to erect, simple or few-branched, 4–50 cm, glabrous or glabrate proximally, glabrous or glandular-puberulent distally. |
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Leaves | cauline (also basal and clustered in G. amphiantha), opposite, monomorphic (dimorphic in G. amphiantha); petiole absent; blade not fleshy, not leathery, margins entire or toothed, surfaces often glandular-punctate. |
blade lanceolate to elliptic or oblong-obovate, 15–70 × 5–25 mm, margins entire or with 1–4 pairs of blunt or sharp teeth distally, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces glabrous. |
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Inflorescences | axillary, flowers 1 or 2 per node; bracts present. |
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Pedicels | present, sometimes short; bracteoles present or absent, sepal-like. |
stout, 1–12 mm, length 0.1–0.3 times bract, glabrous or sparsely glandular-puberulent; bracteoles 2, 2–6 mm. |
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Flowers | bisexual; sepals 5, distinct or proximally connate, calyx ± bilaterally symmetric, campanulate, lobes (sepals when distinct) linear to lanceolate, obovate, or oblong; corolla white, cream, or yellow, sometimes pinkish, tube yellowish, brownish, or purplish, often with dark veins, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate, tubular, tube base not spurred or gibbous, lobes 5, abaxial 3, adaxial 2, nearly completely connate and appearing as 1 emarginate lobe, throat glabrous or pubescent; stamens 2, medially adnate to corolla, filaments glabrous, pollen sacs perpendicular to filaments, connective dilated; staminodes 0 or 2, minute; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma capitate or lamelliform. |
sepals distinct, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate or oblong, 4–7 mm; corolla 8–15 mm, tube greenish white to greenish yellow or yellow, veins purple or brownish purple, limb white, sometimes tinged lavender; style 2–4 mm. |
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Fruits | capsules, dehiscence septicidal, sometimes also loculicidal. |
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Capsules | subglobular, (3–)4–9 × 4–8 mm. |
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Seeds | ca. 200, yellow to brown or black, oblong to obpyramidal or short-cylindric, wings absent. |
0.7–0.8 mm. |
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× = 9. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2n | = 16. |
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Gratiola |
Gratiola virginiana |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Stream banks, swamps, floodplain pools and ponds, swamps. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
North America; Mexico; South America; Central America (Guatemala); Europe; e Asia (Japan); Africa (Morocco); Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia |
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV [Introduced in Mexico (Veracruz)]
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Discussion | Species ca. 30 (13 in the flora). Members of Gratiola sometimes are confused with Lindernia and Mecardonia. Sophronanthe often is included in Gratiola; molecular and morphological data support separating the two as sister genera (D. Estes 2008). This treatment was prepared in part from information contained in a partial manuscript submitted by D. Estes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Some plants from tidal wetlands in Maryland, New Jersey, and Virginia are purportedly relatively shorter in stature and bear shorter pedicels and smaller capsules than most plants of Gratiola virginiana. They have been treated as var. aestuariorum; the distinctness of var. aestuariorum has not been assessed in the context of morphological variation across the range of G. virginiana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 264. | FNA vol. 17, p. 269. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Amphianthus | G. virginiana var. aestuariorum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 17. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 11. (1754) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 17; 2: 1200. (1753) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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