Gossypium hirsutum |
Gossypium |
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algodón, cotton, upland cotton |
cotton |
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Habit | Plants 1–2 m, usually widely branching. | Shrubs [trees], hairy or glabrate, not viscid. | ||||||||
Stems | terete, stellate-hairy. |
erect [or procumbent]. |
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Leaves | stipules subulate to falcate, 5–15(–20) mm; petiole terete, 1/2 to as long as blade; blade shallowly 3–5-lobed, lobes broadly ovate, 4–10 cm, membranous, base cordate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or hairy. |
stipules persistent, subulate or linear to falcate; blade ovate, unlobed, shallowly lobed, or deeply parted, base subcordate or cordate, margins entire, surfaces glabrous or stellate-hairy, often with abaxial foliar nectaries. |
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Inflorescences | flowers usually sympodial. |
axillary, solitary flowers or flowers sympodially arranged; involucellar bractlets deciduous or persistent, 3, distinct. |
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Pedicels | 2–4 cm, with 3-merous involucellar nectaries; involucellar bractlets persistent, foliaceous (enclosing bud), broadly cordate-ovate, 2–4.5 cm, margins laciniate. |
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Flowers | calyx 5–6 mm (excluding teeth, if present), apex truncate or 5-toothed; petals cream, with or without red spot, 2–5 cm; staminal column 15 mm, glabrous; style somewhat exceeding androecium; stigmas 3–5. |
calyx not accrescent, not inflated, lobes sometimes unribbed, ovate or triangular, glabrous or hairy; corolla cream or yellow [rose], sometimes fading rose, with or without dark spot at center; staminal column included; ovary 3–5-carpellate; style unbranched; stigmas decurrent-clavate. |
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Fruits | capsules, erect, not inflated, ovoid or subglobose to oblong, leathery, usually glabrous. |
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Capsules | 3–5-locular, broadly ovoid or subglobose, 2–4 cm, smooth, glabrous. |
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Seeds | 8–10 mm, comose, hairs (cotton) usually white. |
[2–]24, densely comose to glabrate or glabrous. |
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x | = 13. |
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2n | = 52. |
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Gossypium hirsutum |
Gossypium |
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Phenology | Flowering year-round. | |||||||||
Habitat | Littoral vegetation, cultivated fields | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–20 m (0–100 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; IL; LA; MA; MO; MS; NC; NM; OK; SC; TX; VA; Central America [Introduced in North America; introduced nearly worldwide]
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sc United States; w Mexico; South America; s United States; Asia (Middle East); Africa; Australia [Introduced nearly worldwide] |
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Discussion | Gossypium hirsutum is part of the littoral vegetation in the Florida Keys and around the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. The species is found also as the dominant agricultural crop of the Cotton Belt, from California to the Carolinas; it is cultivated worldwide in suitable climates. The species may be found also as an escape, or from cotton mulch used in gardens or from waste around areas of cotton agriculture (fields, gin yards, roadsides, and other places). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 50 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 251. | FNA vol. 6, p. 250. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Gossypium | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | G. hopi, G. latifolium, G. mexicanum, G. punctatum, G. religiosum | Erioxylum, Ingenhouzia de, Selera, Thurberia | ||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2: 975. (1763) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 693. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 309. (1754) | ||||||||
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