Gnaphalium
cudweed, everlasting
usually 1, erect (often with decumbent-ascending branches from bases; ± woolly-tomentose, not glandular).
mostly cauline; alternate; ± sessile;
blades oblanceolate to spatulate or linear, bases ± cuneate, margins entire, faces concolor, gray and tomentose.
narrowly to broadly campanulate, 2.5–4 mm.
flat, smooth, epaleate.
40–80 (more numerous than bisexual);
corollas purplish or whitish.
in 3–5 series, usually white or tawny to brown (opaque or hyaline, often shiny; stereomes usually glandular distally), ± equal to unequal, chartaceous toward tips (inner phyllaries narrowly oblong, usually white-tipped and protruding distal to outer).
disciform, usually in ± capitate clusters (in axils of leaves or bracts), sometimes in spiciform glomerules.
oblong, faces usually glabrous, sometimes minutely papillate (hairs ± papilliform, not myxogenic);
pappi readily falling, of 8–12 distinct, barbellate bristles in 1 series.
(bisexual) florets 4–7;
corollas purplish or whitish.
= 7.
Gnaphalium
Species ca. 38 (3 in the flora).
Generic segregations have reduced Gnaphalium from hundreds of species to ca. 38. North American species (north of Mexico) not included here have been segregated to Euchiton, Gamochaeta, Omalotheca, and Pseudognaphalium. Species of Gnaphalium in the strict sense (adopted here) are usually ca. 3–30 cm, loosely tomentose and not glandular, and have loosely glomerulate heads, involucres 2–3(–4) mm diam., white-tipped inner phyllaries, papillate cypselae, and readily falling pappi of distinct bristles, features especially contrasting with Pseudognaphalium, to which most North American species have been transferred. Because of their relatively small stature and tendency to produce loosely spiciform arrays of heads, gnaphaliums sometimes are identified as gamochaetas, which have different cypselar vestitures and different pappi. The lectotype species of Gnaphalium is G. uliginosum Linnaeus; discussion of this choice rather than Pseudognaphalium (Gnaphalium) luteoalbum (Linnaeus) Hilliard & Burtt is given in C. Jeffrey (1979), O. M. Hilliard and B. L. Burtt (1981), and J. McNeill et al. (1987).
Gnaphalium polycaulon Persoon is included in the key because it probably will be found in warmer coastal localities in the United States (perhaps Florida or California). It is a cosmopolitan weed (Old World native) and occurs in Mexico. It has sometimes been identified by the misapplied name Gnaphalium indicum Linnaeus.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Heads in relatively elongate, interrupted, spiciform glomerules, not subtended by foliaceous bracts; leaf blades oblanceolate, mostly 2–4 cm; tips of inner phyllaries brownish | G. polycaulon |
1. Heads in terminal glomerules, subtended by foliaceous bracts; leaf blades spatulate to oblanceolate-oblong or linear to narrowly oblanceolate, mostly 0.5–2.5 cm; tips of inner phyllaries white | → 2 |
2. Leaf blades spatulate to oblanceolate-oblong, 3–8(–10) mm wide; bracts subtending heads oblanceolate to obovate, longest 4–12 × 1.5–4 mm, shorter than or equaling to slightly surpassing glomerules; inner phyllaries narrowly oblong, apices blunt | G. palustre |
2. Leaf blades linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 0.5–3 mm wide; bracts subtending heads linear, oblanceolate, or obovate, 5–25 × 0.5–2 mm, surpassing glomerules; inner phyllaries narrowly triangular, apices acute | → 3 |
3. Leaf blades linear, the largest 0.4–5 cm; bracts subtending heads linear, 10–25 × 0.5–1 mm; heads in spiciform arrays of spikelike, axillary glomerules | G. exilifolium |
3. Leaf blades oblanceolate, the largest 1–5 cm; bracts subtending heads linear, oblanceolate, or obovate, 5–15 × 1–2 mm; heads in terminal, capitate glomerules, some- times in axillary glomerules | G. uliginosum |
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