Gayophytum humile |
Gayophytum eriospermum |
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dwarf groundsmoke |
Coville's groundsmoke, woolly seed groundsmoke |
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Habit | Herbs glabrous or sparsely and minutely glandular distally. | Herbs usually glabrous or strigillose, rarely villous. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or spreading and branched near base, secondary branches few or none, branching not dichotomous, 5–20(–30) cm. |
erect, usually unbranched near base, branched at each of several nodes proximal to first flower, less branched distally, branching subdichotomous, 15–100 cm. |
Leaves | little reduced distally, crowded and often exceeding subtending internode, 10–25 × 1–3 mm; petiole 0–10 mm; blade very narrowly elliptic or lanceolate to sublinear. |
much reduced distally, 20–75 × 1–6 mm; petiole 0–10 mm; blade narrowly lanceolate. |
Inflorescences | with flowers arising as proximally as first 1–3 nodes from base. |
with flowers arising as proximally as first 10–20 nodes from base. |
Flowers | sepals 0.6–1.3 mm, reflexed singly; petals 0.8–1.5mm; pollen 90–100% fertile; stigma subglobose, surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
sepals 3–6 mm, reflexed singly or in pairs; petals 4–8 mm; pollen 90–100% fertile; stigma hemispheric, usually exserted beyond anthers of longer stamens at anthesis. |
Capsules | ascending, flattened, 8–17 × 1–2 mm, not constricted between seeds, valve margins entire or minutely undulate, 2 valves remaining attached to septum after dehiscence, septum straight; pedicel 0–0.5 mm. |
ascending or reflexed, subterete, 4–16 × 1–1.5 mm, with constrictions between seeds, valve margins undulate, all valves free from septum after dehiscence, septum sinuous; pedicel 3–12 mm. |
Seeds | 24–50, all developing, arranged obliquely to septum and subopposite seeds in adjacent locule, forming 2 even rows in capsule, light brown, 0.7–1.1 × 0.3–0.4 mm, glabrous. |
4–10(–13), all developing, arranged ± parallel to septum and in alternating pattern between locules, adjacent seeds not overlapping, well spaced from each, forming a single row in capsule, brown or gray mottled with brown, 1.2–2.3 × 0.6–1 mm, glabrous or puberulent. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Gayophytum humile |
Gayophytum eriospermum |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Sep. | Flowering Jun–Oct. |
Habitat | Drying margins of meadows, streams, lakes and pools. | Open montane forests. |
Elevation | 800–3000 m. (2600–9800 ft.) | 1000–3000 m. (3300–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; WY; South America (Argentina, Chile)
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CA
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Discussion | Gayophytum humile is most similar to the allotetraploid G. racemosum and, on the basis of morphology, may be one of its parents. The two species are most distinct in their mature capsules; in G. humile the two lateral valves remain attached to the septum at dehiscence, whereas in G. racemosum all four valves separate from the septum at dehiscence. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Gayophytum eriospermum is the only regularly outcrossing diploid species in the genus. The species is known from southwestern Sierra Nevada and Greenhorn mountains (south of Placer County). Except in having larger flowers and generally larger capsules with more seeds, G. eriospermum is very similar to G. oligospermum, suggesting that the latter may be a self-pollinating derivative. Gayophytum eriospermum appears to have been involved in the origin of the G. diffusum polyploid complex. Some populations of G. diffusum subsp. diffusum are so similar to G. eriospermum that it has been necessary to determine chromosome number to make a positive identification. However, G. diffusum subsp. diffusum is not known to occur within the area of distribution of G. eriospermum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gayophytumnuttallii torrey | G. lasiospermum var. eriospermum |
Name authority | A. Jussieu: Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 25: 18, plate 4. (1832) | Coville: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 103. (1893) |
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