Gayophytum heterozygum |
Gayophytum ramosissimum |
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zig zag gayophytum, zigzag groundsmoke |
hair-stem groundsmoke, pinyon gayophytum, pinyon groundsmoke |
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Habit | Herbs usually glabrous or strigillose, rarely villous. | Herbs glabrous or sparsely strigillose distally. |
Stems | erect, usually unbranched near base, branched at each of several nodes proximal to first flower, less branched distally, branching dichotomous, 15–80 cm. |
erect, profusely branched throughout, usually at every other node, branching dichotomous except near base, 10–50 cm. |
Leaves | much reduced distally, 15–60 × 1–5 mm; petiole 0–10 mm; blade narrowly lanceolate to sublinear. |
reduced distally, 10–40 × 1–5 mm; petiole 0–3(–10) mm; blade very narrowly lanceolate to sublinear. |
Inflorescences | with flowers arising usually as proximally as first 10–20 nodes from base. |
with flowers arising as proximally as first 5–15 nodes from base. |
Flowers | sepals 1–1.8 mm, reflexed singly or in pairs; petals 2–3(–4) mm; pollen ca. 50% fertile; stigma hemispheric to subglobose, surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
sepals 0.4–0.8 mm, reflexed singly; petals 0.7–1.2(–1.5) mm; pollen 90–100% fertile; stigma subglobose, surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | ascending or reflexed, terete to ± flattened, 6–15 × 0.8–1.1 mm, with conspicuous irregular constrictions between seeds, valve margins undulate, all valves free from septum after dehiscence, septum sinuous; pedicel (2–)3–12 mm. |
ascending to reflexed, subterete, 3–9 × 0.8–1.2 mm, with inconspicuous constrictions between seeds, valve margins entire or weakly undulate, all valves free from septum after dehiscence, septum straight; pedicel (3–)5–12 mm. |
Seeds | 2–10, ca. 1/2 aborted, arranged± parallel to septum and in alternating pattern between locules, adjacent seeds not overlapping, irregularly well spaced from each, forming a single row in capsule, brown or gray mottled with brown, 1.4–2 × 0.6–0.8 mm, glabrous or puberulent. |
10–30, all developing, arranged ± parallel to septum and in alternating pattern between locules, crowded, overlapping, often appearing to form 2 irregular rows in each locule, brown or gray mottled with brown, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm, glabrous. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Gayophytum heterozygum |
Gayophytum ramosissimum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Open montane forests. | Sagebrush communities. |
Elevation | 800–3000 m. (2600–9800 ft.) | 500–3000 m. (1600–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; NV; OR; WA
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY
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Discussion | Gayophytum heterozygum is the only species of Onagraceae outside of Oenothera that is a permanent translocation heterozygote (PTH) (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007), in which the chromosomes form a ring of 14 at meiosis rather than the seven pairs characteristic of all other self-pollinating diploid species of the genus. As is true for other PTH species, G. heterozygum produces only about fifty percent fertile pollen and a correspondingly reduced number of fertile seeds. All other species have less than ten percent of the pollen sterile. It is not clear whether one or two species were involved in the parentage of Gayophytum heterozygum (H. Lewis and J. Szweykowski 1964; L. B. Thien 1969). This species is morphologically intermediate between G. eriospermum and G. oligospermum and has been suggested by Lewis and Szweykowski to be a PTH species derived by hybridization between them, much like the PTH species in 17. Oenothera. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Gayophytum ramosissimum is similar to some individuals of G. diffusum subsp. parviflorum and has probably contributed to the extensive variation of the G. diffusum tetraploid complex. Gayophytum ramosissimum is most readily distinguished from G. diffusum subsp. parviflorum by its capsule being shorter than the pedicel. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Gayophytum | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Gayophytum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | G. diffusum var. villosum | G. ramosissimum var. deflexum, G. ramosissimum var. obtusum |
Name authority | H. Lewis & Szweykowski: Brittonia 16: 377, figs. 5C, 5K, 13B. (1964) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 513. (1840) |
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