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zig zag gayophytum, zigzag groundsmoke

pinegrove gayophytum, pinegrove groundsmoke

Habit Herbs usually glabrous or strigillose, rarely villous. Herbs glabrous or very sparsely strigillose distally.
Stems

erect, usually unbranched near base, branched at each of several nodes proximal to first flower, less branched distally, branching dichotomous, 15–80 cm.

erect, usually unbranched near base, branched at each of several nodes proximal to first flower, less branched distally, branching dichotomous, 20–70 cm.

Leaves

much reduced distally, 15–60 × 1–5 mm;

petiole 0–10 mm;

blade narrowly lanceolate to sublinear.

much reduced distally, 10–60 × 1–4 mm;

petiole 0–10 mm;

blade very narrowly lanceolate to sublinear.

Inflorescences

with flowers arising usually as proximally as first 10–20 nodes from base.

with flowers arising usually as proximally as first 10–20 nodes from base.

Flowers

sepals 1–1.8 mm, reflexed singly or in pairs;

petals 2–3(–4) mm;

pollen ca. 50% fertile;

stigma hemispheric to subglobose, surrounded by anthers at anthesis.

sepals 1–1.4 mm, reflexed singly or in pairs;

petals 1.5–2.5 mm;

pollen 90–100% fertile;

stigma subglobose, surrounded by anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

ascending or reflexed, terete to ± flattened, 6–15 × 0.8–1.1 mm, with conspicuous irregular constrictions between seeds, valve margins undulate, all valves free from septum after dehiscence, septum sinuous;

pedicel (2–)3–12 mm.

ascending to strongly reflexed, subterete, 4–9 × 0.9–1 mm, with conspicuous constrictions between seeds, valve margins undulate, all valves free from septum after dehiscence, septum sinuous;

pedicel 3–11 mm, usually about equal to capsule.

Seeds

2–10, ca. 1/2 aborted, arranged± parallel to septum and in alternating pattern between locules, adjacent seeds not overlapping, irregularly well spaced from each, forming a single row in capsule, brown or gray mottled with brown, 1.4–2 × 0.6–0.8 mm, glabrous or puberulent.

usually 3–6, all developing, arranged± parallel to septum and in alternating pattern between locules, adjacent seeds not overlapping, well spaced from each, forming a single row in capsule, brown, sometimes mottled with darker spots, 1.3–1.7 × 0.6–0.8 mm, glabrous.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Gayophytum heterozygum

Gayophytum oligospermum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct. Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Open montane forests. Open pine forests.
Elevation 800–3000 m. (2600–9800 ft.) 1300–2800 m. (4300–9200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; NV; OR; WA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Gayophytum heterozygum is the only species of Onagraceae outside of Oenothera that is a permanent translocation heterozygote (PTH) (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007), in which the chromosomes form a ring of 14 at meiosis rather than the seven pairs characteristic of all other self-pollinating diploid species of the genus. As is true for other PTH species, G. heterozygum produces only about fifty percent fertile pollen and a correspondingly reduced number of fertile seeds. All other species have less than ten percent of the pollen sterile.

It is not clear whether one or two species were involved in the parentage of Gayophytum heterozygum (H. Lewis and J. Szweykowski 1964; L. B. Thien 1969). This species is morphologically intermediate between G. eriospermum and G. oligospermum and has been suggested by Lewis and Szweykowski to be a PTH species derived by hybridization between them, much like the PTH species in 17. Oenothera.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Gayophytum oligospermum is known only from Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties in southern California.

Gayophytum oligospermum is morphologically similar to G. heterozygum and has been shown to have chromosomes that pair completely with one of the two arrangements that make up the genome of the complex heterozygote G. heterozygum, indicating that G. oligospermum is one of the parents of G. heterozygum or that it is derived from G. heterozygum (L. B. Thien 1969).

Gayophytum oligospermum has been reported from the summit of Breckenridge Mountain, Kern County, from a single collection (Charlton 3750, UCR). This record needs to be verified.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Gayophytum Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Gayophytum
Sibling taxa
G. decipiens, G. diffusum, G. eriospermum, G. humile, G. oligospermum, G. racemosum, G. ramosissimum
G. decipiens, G. diffusum, G. eriospermum, G. heterozygum, G. humile, G. racemosum, G. ramosissimum
Synonyms G. diffusum var. villosum
Name authority H. Lewis & Szweykowski: Brittonia 16: 377, figs. 5C, 5K, 13B. (1964) H. Lewis & Szweykowski: Brittonia 16: 375, figs. 5J, 13A. (1964)
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