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Coville's groundsmoke, woolly seed groundsmoke

black foot gayophytum, black-foot groundsmoke, racemed groundsmoke, racemose groundsmoke

Habit Herbs usually glabrous or strigillose, rarely villous. Herbs glabrous or strigillose, rarely villous.
Stems

erect, usually unbranched near base, branched at each of several nodes proximal to first flower, less branched distally, branching subdichotomous, 15–100 cm.

erect or spreading, branched mostly proximally, secondary branches few or none, branching not dichotomous, (5–)10–40 cm.

Leaves

much reduced distally, 20–75 × 1–6 mm;

petiole 0–10 mm;

blade narrowly lanceolate.

little reduced distally, crowded, 10–25 × 1–3 mm;

petiole 0–5 mm;

blade narrowly lanceolate or elliptic to sublinear.

Inflorescences

with flowers arising as proximally as first 10–20 nodes from base.

with flowers arising as proximally as first 1–3 nodes from base.

Flowers

sepals 3–6 mm, reflexed singly or in pairs;

petals 4–8 mm;

pollen 90–100% fertile;

stigma hemispheric, usually exserted beyond anthers of longer stamens at anthesis.

sepals 0.8–1.4 mm, reflexed singly or in pairs;

petals 1.3–1.8 mm;

pollen 90–100% fertile;

stigma subglobose, surrounded by anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

ascending or reflexed, subterete, 4–16 × 1–1.5 mm, with constrictions between seeds, valve margins undulate, all valves free from septum after dehiscence, septum sinuous;

pedicel 3–12 mm.

ascending, flattened, 10–15 × 0.8–1.4 mm, not constricted between seeds, valve margins entire or slightly undulate, all valves free from septum after dehiscence, septum straight;

pedicel 0.4–2 mm.

Seeds

4–10(–13), all developing, arranged ± parallel to septum and in alternating pattern between locules, adjacent seeds not overlapping, well spaced from each, forming a single row in capsule, brown or gray mottled with brown, 1.2–2.3 × 0.6–1 mm, glabrous or puberulent.

(10–)14–34, all developing, arranged obliquely to septum and subopposite seeds in adjacent locule, forming 2 even rows in capsule, light to dark brown, 0.8–1 × 0.3–0.5 mm, glabrous or densely puberulent.

2n

= 14.

= 28.

Gayophytum eriospermum

Gayophytum racemosum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct. Flowering May–Oct.
Habitat Open montane forests. Drying margins of meadows and pools.
Elevation 1000–3000 m. (3300–9800 ft.) 1000–4000 m. (3300–13100 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Gayophytum eriospermum is the only regularly outcrossing diploid species in the genus. The species is known from southwestern Sierra Nevada and Greenhorn mountains (south of Placer County). Except in having larger flowers and generally larger capsules with more seeds, G. eriospermum is very similar to G. oligospermum, suggesting that the latter may be a self-pollinating derivative. Gayophytum eriospermum appears to have been involved in the origin of the G. diffusum polyploid complex. Some populations of G. diffusum subsp. diffusum are so similar to G. eriospermum that it has been necessary to determine chromosome number to make a positive identification. However, G. diffusum subsp. diffusum is not known to occur within the area of distribution of G. eriospermum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Gayophytum racemosum, on the basis of morphological and ecological observation, appears to be an allotetraploid derived from hybridization between G. decipiens and G. humile or a related species that is presumably extinct. Gayophytum racemosum is most readily distinguished from G. humile by the dehiscence of the capsules and from G. decipiens by branching habit and by the capsules, which are not as conspicuously flat in G. decipiens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Gayophytum Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Gayophytum
Sibling taxa
G. decipiens, G. diffusum, G. heterozygum, G. humile, G. oligospermum, G. racemosum, G. ramosissimum
G. decipiens, G. diffusum, G. eriospermum, G. heterozygum, G. humile, G. oligospermum, G. ramosissimum
Synonyms G. lasiospermum var. eriospermum G. caesium, G. helleri, G. helleri var. glabrum, G. humile var. hirtellum, G. racemosum var. caesium, G. ramosissimum var. pygmeum
Name authority Coville: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 103. (1893) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 514. (1840)
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