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diffuse groundsmoke, spreading groundsmoke

hair-stem groundsmoke, pinyon gayophytum, pinyon groundsmoke

Habit Herbs usually glabrous to strigillose, sometimes villous. Herbs glabrous or sparsely strigillose distally.
Stems

erect, branched or unbranched near base, much branched distally, usually with 1 or 2 nodes between branches, distal branching dichotomous or lateral branches shortened, 5–60 cm.

erect, profusely branched throughout, usually at every other node, branching dichotomous except near base, 10–50 cm.

Leaves

reduced distally, 10–60 × 1–5 mm;

petiole 0–10 mm;

blade very narrowly lanceolate.

reduced distally, 10–40 × 1–5 mm;

petiole 0–3(–10) mm;

blade very narrowly lanceolate to sublinear.

Inflorescences

with flowers arising usually as proximally as first 1–20 nodes from base.

with flowers arising as proximally as first 5–15 nodes from base.

Flowers

sepals 0.9–3(–5) mm, reflexed singly or in pairs;

petals 1.2–5(–7) mm;

pollen 90–100% fertile;

stigma hemispheric to subglobose, exserted beyond anthers of longer stamens or surrounded by them at anthesis.

sepals 0.4–0.8 mm, reflexed singly;

petals 0.7–1.2(–1.5) mm;

pollen 90–100% fertile;

stigma subglobose, surrounded by anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

ascending to reflexed, subterete, 3–15 × 1–1.5 mm, with inconspicuous or conspicuous constrictions between seeds, valve margins somewhat undulate, all valves free from septum after dehiscence, septum straight or sinuous;

pedicel 2–10(–15) mm, usually shorter than capsule.

ascending to reflexed, subterete, 3–9 × 0.8–1.2 mm, with inconspicuous constrictions between seeds, valve margins entire or weakly undulate, all valves free from septum after dehiscence, septum straight;

pedicel (3–)5–12 mm.

Seeds

(3–)6–18, all or most developing, arranged ± parallel to septum and in alternating pattern between locules, crowded, overlapping, often appearing to form 2 irregular rows in each locule, or well spaced, forming a single row in capsule, brown, sometimes mottled with gray, 1–1.6 × 0.5–0.8 mm, glabrous or puberulent.

10–30, all developing, arranged ± parallel to septum and in alternating pattern between locules, crowded, overlapping, often appearing to form 2 irregular rows in each locule, brown or gray mottled with brown, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm, glabrous.

2n

= 28.

= 14.

Gayophytum diffusum

Gayophytum ramosissimum

Phenology Flowering May–Sep.
Habitat Sagebrush communities.
Elevation 500–3000 m. (1600–9800 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
w North America; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Gayophytumdiffusum consists of a diverse assemblage of tetraploid populations, some of which are similar to every known diploid species except G. humile. The combination of characteristics of at least five diploid species in various ways suggests that the complex is derived from several independently formed allopolyploids that subsequently hybridized and segregated to produce the observed diversity.

Populations of Gayophytum diffusum differ in breeding behavior. Populations with relatively large flowers and stigmas that extend beyond the anthers are obviously outcrossing, whereas most populations are small-flowered and modally self-pollinated. It is among the latter that the greatest morphological diversity is found. Often two or more morphologically different, apparently true-breeding strains can be found growing together. In such a variable complex, recognition of infraspecific taxa becomes arbitrary. In this treatment the striking morphological differences associated with breeding behavior have been used as a basis for subspecies recognition. At some localities the two subspecies intergrade.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Gayophytum ramosissimum is similar to some individuals of G. diffusum subsp. parviflorum and has probably contributed to the extensive variation of the G. diffusum tetraploid complex. Gayophytum ramosissimum is most readily distinguished from G. diffusum subsp. parviflorum by its capsule being shorter than the pedicel.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Petals 3–5(–7) mm; sepals 2–3(–5) mm; stigma usually exserted beyond anthers of longer stamens at anthesis.
subsp. diffusum
1. Petals 1.2–3 mm; sepals 0.9–2 mm; stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis.
subsp. parviflorum
Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Gayophytum Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Gayophytum
Sibling taxa
G. decipiens, G. eriospermum, G. heterozygum, G. humile, G. oligospermum, G. racemosum, G. ramosissimum
G. decipiens, G. diffusum, G. eriospermum, G. heterozygum, G. humile, G. oligospermum, G. racemosum
Subordinate taxa
G. diffusum subsp. diffusum, G. diffusum subsp. parviflorum
Synonyms G. ramosissimum var. deflexum, G. ramosissimum var. obtusum
Name authority Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 513. (1840) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 513. (1840)
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