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diffuse groundsmoke, spreading groundsmoke

Coville's groundsmoke, woolly seed groundsmoke

Habit Herbs usually glabrous to strigillose, sometimes villous. Herbs usually glabrous or strigillose, rarely villous.
Stems

erect, branched or unbranched near base, much branched distally, usually with 1 or 2 nodes between branches, distal branching dichotomous or lateral branches shortened, 5–60 cm.

erect, usually unbranched near base, branched at each of several nodes proximal to first flower, less branched distally, branching subdichotomous, 15–100 cm.

Leaves

reduced distally, 10–60 × 1–5 mm;

petiole 0–10 mm;

blade very narrowly lanceolate.

much reduced distally, 20–75 × 1–6 mm;

petiole 0–10 mm;

blade narrowly lanceolate.

Inflorescences

with flowers arising usually as proximally as first 1–20 nodes from base.

with flowers arising as proximally as first 10–20 nodes from base.

Flowers

sepals 0.9–3(–5) mm, reflexed singly or in pairs;

petals 1.2–5(–7) mm;

pollen 90–100% fertile;

stigma hemispheric to subglobose, exserted beyond anthers of longer stamens or surrounded by them at anthesis.

sepals 3–6 mm, reflexed singly or in pairs;

petals 4–8 mm;

pollen 90–100% fertile;

stigma hemispheric, usually exserted beyond anthers of longer stamens at anthesis.

Capsules

ascending to reflexed, subterete, 3–15 × 1–1.5 mm, with inconspicuous or conspicuous constrictions between seeds, valve margins somewhat undulate, all valves free from septum after dehiscence, septum straight or sinuous;

pedicel 2–10(–15) mm, usually shorter than capsule.

ascending or reflexed, subterete, 4–16 × 1–1.5 mm, with constrictions between seeds, valve margins undulate, all valves free from septum after dehiscence, septum sinuous;

pedicel 3–12 mm.

Seeds

(3–)6–18, all or most developing, arranged ± parallel to septum and in alternating pattern between locules, crowded, overlapping, often appearing to form 2 irregular rows in each locule, or well spaced, forming a single row in capsule, brown, sometimes mottled with gray, 1–1.6 × 0.5–0.8 mm, glabrous or puberulent.

4–10(–13), all developing, arranged ± parallel to septum and in alternating pattern between locules, adjacent seeds not overlapping, well spaced from each, forming a single row in capsule, brown or gray mottled with brown, 1.2–2.3 × 0.6–1 mm, glabrous or puberulent.

2n

= 28.

= 14.

Gayophytum diffusum

Gayophytum eriospermum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct.
Habitat Open montane forests.
Elevation 1000–3000 m. (3300–9800 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
w North America; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Gayophytumdiffusum consists of a diverse assemblage of tetraploid populations, some of which are similar to every known diploid species except G. humile. The combination of characteristics of at least five diploid species in various ways suggests that the complex is derived from several independently formed allopolyploids that subsequently hybridized and segregated to produce the observed diversity.

Populations of Gayophytum diffusum differ in breeding behavior. Populations with relatively large flowers and stigmas that extend beyond the anthers are obviously outcrossing, whereas most populations are small-flowered and modally self-pollinated. It is among the latter that the greatest morphological diversity is found. Often two or more morphologically different, apparently true-breeding strains can be found growing together. In such a variable complex, recognition of infraspecific taxa becomes arbitrary. In this treatment the striking morphological differences associated with breeding behavior have been used as a basis for subspecies recognition. At some localities the two subspecies intergrade.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Gayophytum eriospermum is the only regularly outcrossing diploid species in the genus. The species is known from southwestern Sierra Nevada and Greenhorn mountains (south of Placer County). Except in having larger flowers and generally larger capsules with more seeds, G. eriospermum is very similar to G. oligospermum, suggesting that the latter may be a self-pollinating derivative. Gayophytum eriospermum appears to have been involved in the origin of the G. diffusum polyploid complex. Some populations of G. diffusum subsp. diffusum are so similar to G. eriospermum that it has been necessary to determine chromosome number to make a positive identification. However, G. diffusum subsp. diffusum is not known to occur within the area of distribution of G. eriospermum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Petals 3–5(–7) mm; sepals 2–3(–5) mm; stigma usually exserted beyond anthers of longer stamens at anthesis.
subsp. diffusum
1. Petals 1.2–3 mm; sepals 0.9–2 mm; stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis.
subsp. parviflorum
Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Gayophytum Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Gayophytum
Sibling taxa
G. decipiens, G. eriospermum, G. heterozygum, G. humile, G. oligospermum, G. racemosum, G. ramosissimum
G. decipiens, G. diffusum, G. heterozygum, G. humile, G. oligospermum, G. racemosum, G. ramosissimum
Subordinate taxa
G. diffusum subsp. diffusum, G. diffusum subsp. parviflorum
Synonyms G. lasiospermum var. eriospermum
Name authority Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 513. (1840) Coville: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 103. (1893)
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