Gayophytum diffusum
Gayophytum diffusum subsp. parviflorum
diffuse groundsmoke, spreading groundsmoke
Nuttall's groundsmoke, small flower groundsmoke, spreading groundsmoke
erect, branched or unbranched near base, much branched distally, usually with 1 or 2 nodes between branches, distal branching dichotomous or lateral branches shortened, 5–60 cm.
reduced distally, 10–60 × 1–5 mm;
petiole 0–10 mm;
blade very narrowly lanceolate.
with flowers arising usually as proximally as first 1–20 nodes from base.
sepals 0.9–3(–5) mm, reflexed singly or in pairs;
petals 1.2–5(–7) mm;
pollen 90–100% fertile;
stigma hemispheric to subglobose, exserted beyond anthers of longer stamens or surrounded by them at anthesis.
sepals 0.9–2 mm;
petals 1.2–3 mm;
stigma subglobose, surrounded by anthers at anthesis.
ascending to reflexed, subterete, 3–15 × 1–1.5 mm, with inconspicuous or conspicuous constrictions between seeds, valve margins somewhat undulate, all valves free from septum after dehiscence, septum straight or sinuous;
pedicel 2–10(–15) mm, usually shorter than capsule.
(3–)6–18, all or most developing, arranged ± parallel to septum and in alternating pattern between locules, crowded, overlapping, often appearing to form 2 irregular rows in each locule, or well spaced, forming a single row in capsule, brown, sometimes mottled with gray, 1–1.6 × 0.5–0.8 mm, glabrous or puberulent.
= 28.
= 28.
Gayophytum diffusum
Gayophytum diffusum subsp. parviflorum
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
Gayophytumdiffusum consists of a diverse assemblage of tetraploid populations, some of which are similar to every known diploid species except G. humile. The combination of characteristics of at least five diploid species in various ways suggests that the complex is derived from several independently formed allopolyploids that subsequently hybridized and segregated to produce the observed diversity.
Populations of Gayophytum diffusum differ in breeding behavior. Populations with relatively large flowers and stigmas that extend beyond the anthers are obviously outcrossing, whereas most populations are small-flowered and modally self-pollinated. It is among the latter that the greatest morphological diversity is found. Often two or more morphologically different, apparently true-breeding strains can be found growing together. In such a variable complex, recognition of infraspecific taxa becomes arbitrary. In this treatment the striking morphological differences associated with breeding behavior have been used as a basis for subspecies recognition. At some localities the two subspecies intergrade.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Subspecies parviflorum is extremely variable and may sometimes closely resemble diploid species Gayophytum decipiens, G. heterozygum, G. oligospermum, and G. ramosissimum, the first of which are hypothesized to have been involved in its origin and variation (H. Lewis and J. Szweykowski 1964).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Petals 3–5(–7) mm; sepals 2–3(–5) mm; stigma usually exserted beyond anthers of longer stamens at anthesis. | subsp. diffusum |
1. Petals 1.2–3 mm; sepals 0.9–2 mm; stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. | subsp. parviflorum |
- Local floras:
BC, 
CA, 
OR, 
WA - Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos,
Flora NW, 
PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog. 
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist (observations)
USDA Plants Database- LBJ Wildflower Center
- SEINet
- Plants of the World Online
- Encyclopedia of Life
- Wikipedia
- Google Image Search
SW CO Wildflowers
