Gaylussacia baccata |
Gaylussacia |
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black huckleberry, crackleberry |
huckleberry |
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Habit | Plants 3–10(–15) dm, forming small to extensive colonies; branches spreading; twigs of current season pale green, glabrous. | Subshrubs or shrubs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect; twigs glabrous or hairy, sometimes glandular. |
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Leaves | petiole 1–2(–4) mm; blade pale green abaxially, green to yellowish green adaxially, ovate to oblong, (2–)2.5–5 × 1–2.5 cm, membranous to subcoriaceous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, sometimes puberulent on major veins, sessile-glandular. |
deciduous (G. brachycera persistent); blade obovate or ovate to oblong or oblanceolate, membranous or coriaceous, margins entire or crenate (sometimes serrulate) [glandular-crenate], plane or revolute, glabrous or hairy; venation reticulodromous. |
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Inflorescences | drooping, 3–7-flowered, bracteate, 0.5–1.5 cm, glabrous; bracts early-deciduous, not leaflike (linear-lanceolate), 2–4 mm, shorter than pedicels, glabrous, sessile-glandular. |
axillary or terminal racemes, 2–8-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary. |
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Pedicels | 3–6 mm, glabrous, sessile-glandular; bracteoles 1(–2), 1–2 mm. |
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Flowers | sepals 5, 0.7–1 mm, glabrous, sessile-glandular; petals 4–5, corolla orange to red, campanulate-conic, 4–5 mm, lobes 0.5–0.7 mm; filaments 2 mm, glabrous; anthers included, 2.2–2.5 mm, thecae divergent distally; ovary glabrous. |
sepals (4–)5, sometimes vestigial, connate basally, deltate (straight or inflexed in fruit); petals 4–5, connate for nearly their entire lengths, greenish white or white to pink or orange to red, corolla urceolate, campanulate, or campanulate-conic, lobes much shorter than tube; stamens 10, included, (slightly shorter than corolla); filaments straight, flattened, glabrous or pilose, without spurs; anthers without awns, dehiscent through narrowly oblong, terminal pores; pistil 5–10-carpellate; ovary inferior, 5- or 10-locular; stigma capitate. |
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Fruits | drupaceous, ovoid to globose, fleshy. |
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Drupes | juicy, sweet, glossy black (sometimes blue, rarely white), 6–7 mm diam., glabrous. |
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Seeds | ca. 2 mm. |
(pyrenes) 10, ellipsoid; testa stony, papillose (smooth in G. ursina). |
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x | = 12. |
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2n | = 24. |
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Gaylussacia baccata |
Gaylussacia |
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Phenology | Flowering late spring. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy or rocky soil in deciduous, pine, or mixed woods, roadsides, pastures, and utility rights-of-way, wet, acidic bogs, fens | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0-800 m (0-2600 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
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e North America; South America (c, n Andes, e, se Brazil) |
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Discussion | Decachaena (Torrey & A. Gray) Lindley; Lasiococcus Small Species ca. 50 (10 in the flora). The genus Gaylussacia was organized into three sections by H. Sleumer (1967). The sections are: sect. Vitis-idaea (species 1) with coriaceous, persistent leaves lacking resinous dots; sect. Gaylussacia (species 2–5) with deciduous leaves with some stipitate-glandular hairs; and sect. Decamerium (species 6–10) with deciduous leaves and sessile glands. Molecular investigation by J. W. Floyd (2002) suggested these sections may not be entirely natural, and that the origin of the genus may be in North America, despite the greater diversity in South America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 534. | FNA vol. 8, p. 530. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae > Gaylussacia | Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Andromeda baccata, Decachaena baccata, G. baccata var. glaucocarpa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Wangenheim) K. Koch: Dendrologie 2(1): 93. 1872 , | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3(fol.): 215: plate 257. 1819, name conserved , | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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