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black huckleberry, crackleberry

huckleberry

Habit Plants 3–10(–15) dm, forming small to extensive colonies; branches spreading; twigs of current season pale green, glabrous. Subshrubs or shrubs.
Stems

erect;

twigs glabrous or hairy, sometimes glandular.

Leaves

petiole 1–2(–4) mm;

blade pale green abaxially, green to yellowish green adaxially, ovate to oblong, (2–)2.5–5 × 1–2.5 cm, membranous to subcoriaceous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, sometimes puberulent on major veins, sessile-glandular.

deciduous (G. brachycera persistent);

blade obovate or ovate to oblong or oblanceolate, membranous or coriaceous, margins entire or crenate (sometimes serrulate) [glandular-crenate], plane or revolute, glabrous or hairy;

venation reticulodromous.

Inflorescences

drooping, 3–7-flowered, bracteate, 0.5–1.5 cm, glabrous;

bracts early-deciduous, not leaflike (linear-lanceolate), 2–4 mm, shorter than pedicels, glabrous, sessile-glandular.

axillary or terminal racemes, 2–8-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary.

Pedicels

3–6 mm, glabrous, sessile-glandular;

bracteoles 1(–2), 1–2 mm.

Flowers

sepals 5, 0.7–1 mm, glabrous, sessile-glandular;

petals 4–5, corolla orange to red, campanulate-conic, 4–5 mm, lobes 0.5–0.7 mm;

filaments 2 mm, glabrous;

anthers included, 2.2–2.5 mm, thecae divergent distally;

ovary glabrous.

sepals (4–)5, sometimes vestigial, connate basally, deltate (straight or inflexed in fruit);

petals 4–5, connate for nearly their entire lengths, greenish white or white to pink or orange to red, corolla urceolate, campanulate, or campanulate-conic, lobes much shorter than tube;

stamens 10, included, (slightly shorter than corolla);

filaments straight, flattened, glabrous or pilose, without spurs;

anthers without awns, dehiscent through narrowly oblong, terminal pores;

pistil 5–10-carpellate;

ovary inferior, 5- or 10-locular;

stigma capitate.

Fruits

drupaceous, ovoid to globose, fleshy.

Drupes

juicy, sweet, glossy black (sometimes blue, rarely white), 6–7 mm diam., glabrous.

Seeds

ca. 2 mm.

(pyrenes) 10, ellipsoid;

testa stony, papillose (smooth in G. ursina).

x

= 12.

2n

= 24.

Gaylussacia baccata

Gaylussacia

Phenology Flowering late spring.
Habitat Sandy or rocky soil in deciduous, pine, or mixed woods, roadsides, pastures, and utility rights-of-way, wet, acidic bogs, fens
Elevation 0-800 m (0-2600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
e North America; South America (c, n Andes, e, se Brazil)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Decachaena (Torrey & A. Gray) Lindley; Lasiococcus Small

Species ca. 50 (10 in the flora).

The genus Gaylussacia was organized into three sections by H. Sleumer (1967). The sections are: sect. Vitis-idaea (species 1) with coriaceous, persistent leaves lacking resinous dots; sect. Gaylussacia (species 2–5) with deciduous leaves with some stipitate-glandular hairs; and sect. Decamerium (species 6–10) with deciduous leaves and sessile glands. Molecular investigation by J. W. Floyd (2002) suggested these sections may not be entirely natural, and that the origin of the genus may be in North America, despite the greater diversity in South America.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blades 1-2.5 cm, margins crenate or serrulate, coriaceous, not sessile-glandular; leaves persistent [sect. Vitis-idaea].
G. brachycera
1. Leaf blades 1.9-6 cm, margins entire, membranous to subcoriaceous, sessile-glandular (or scattered stipitate-glandular-hairy); leaves deciduous [sect. Gaylussacia]
→ 2
2. Inflorescence bracts equaling or longer than pedicels, persistent; sepals, pedicels, bracts, and/or leaf blades stipitate-glandular-hairy
→ 3
2. Inflorescence bracts shorter than pedicels, early-deciduous; sepals, pedicels, bracts, and/or leaf blades not stipitate-glandular-hairy [sect. Decamerium]
→ 6
3. Corollas 3-5 mm; plants 1-3(-4) dm.
G. dumosa
3. Corollas 5.5-8.5 mm; plants 3-10(-15) dm
→ 4
4. Corollas 5.5-6.5 mm; anthers 2.5-3.2 mm; peaty montane seepage bogs, w North Carolina.
G. orocola
4. Corollas 6.5-8.5 mm; anthers 2.5-4.3 mm
→ 5
5. Adaxial leaf surfaces not sessile-glandular; ovary hairs 1-1.5 mm; e Gulf coastal plain, s Alabama, n Florida, sw Georgia, se Louisiana, s Mississippi.
G. mosieri
5. Adaxial leaf surfaces sessile-glandular; ovary hairs 0.3-0.5 mm; northeastern range, south to Maryland and Delaware, disjunct to North Carolina and South Carolina
G. bigeloviana
6. Leaf blades sessile-glandular-hairy on both surfaces; racemes 0.5-1.5 cm.
G. baccata
6. Leaf blades sessile-glandular hairy on abaxial surface only; racemes 0.7-4.5 cm
→ 7
7. Leaf blades membranous, green to yellowish green or reddish green adaxially, apex acute to acuminate.
G. ursina
7. Leaf blades subcoriaceous, green to glaucescent adaxially, apex rounded or obtuse
→ 8
8. Twigs of current season glabrous or glabrate; leaf blades glabrous or hairy abaxially, glaucescent; plants 7.5-20 dm; east coast, south to e Georgia.
G. frondosa
8. Twigs of current season densely hairy (hairs short); leaf blades sparsely to densely hairy abaxially, glaucous or glaucescent; plants 2-20 dm; se North Carolina and southward in coastal plain and west to Louisiana
→ 9
9. Leaf blades 2.5-4 × 1-2 cm, surfaces glabrous or sparsely short-hairy (longer hairs ca. 0.1 mm), glaucous abaxially; calyces glaucous; plants 2-6(-10) dm.
G. nana
9. Leaf blades 2.5-6 × 2-3 cm, surfaces densely short-hairy (longer hairs ca. 0.2 mm), glaucescent abaxially; calyces not glaucous; plants 7.5-20 dm.
G. tomentosa
Source FNA vol. 8, p. 534. FNA vol. 8, p. 530. Authors: Bruce A. Sorrie, Alan S. Weakley, Gordon C. Tucker.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae > Gaylussacia Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae
Sibling taxa
G. bigeloviana, G. brachycera, G. dumosa, G. frondosa, G. mosieri, G. nana, G. orocola, G. tomentosa, G. ursina
Subordinate taxa
G. baccata, G. bigeloviana, G. brachycera, G. dumosa, G. frondosa, G. mosieri, G. nana, G. orocola, G. tomentosa, G. ursina
Synonyms Andromeda baccata, Decachaena baccata, G. baccata var. glaucocarpa
Name authority (Wangenheim) K. Koch: Dendrologie 2(1): 93. 1872 , Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3(fol.): 215: plate 257. 1819, name conserved ,
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