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Miquel's spicy or Japanese wintergreen

alpine spicy wintergreen, alpine teaberry, alpine-wintergreen

Habit Shrubs, erect or, rarely, creeping, not mat-forming, rhizomatous, with adventitious roots. Subshrubs, creeping, mat-forming, stoloniferous; roots adventitious or fibrous.
Stems

(slender to stout), 10–30 cm, glabrous.

spreading and repent, 10–30 cm, (slender), usually hirtellous, sometimes glabrous.

Leaf

blades oval to obovate or elliptic, 1.5–3.5 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins serrate to ± crenate (teeth usually tipped with minute, glandular bristles), apex obtuse, surfaces glabrous.

blades orbiculate, ovate, or broadly elliptic, 1–2.5 cm, base obtuse to rounded, margins serrulate (teeth bristle-tipped), apex obtuse or acute, surfaces glabrous.

Inflorescences

axillary, drooping, secund racemes;

peduncle reddish, 2–6 cm, sparsely hairy;

bracts light green, oblanceolate, 2.5–3.5 mm, not exceeding sepals, glabrous.

axillary, solitary flowers;

bracts green with reddish margins, broadly ovate, 2.5–3 mm, exceeding sepals, glabrous.

Pedicels

green, 4–8 mm, sparsely hairy;

bracteoles 1–3, pink to reddish, narrowly oblanceolate to subulate, 1–2 mm, glabrous.

green, 0.5–1.5 mm, glabrous;

bracteoles 1–3, green or pink-tinged, deltate, 0.5–1 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

sepals 5, connate ca. 1/2 their lengths, dark green, deltate, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous;

petals 5, connate nearly their entire lengths, cream to light pink, 5–6 mm, glabrous, corolla urceolate, lobes 0.5 mm;

filaments broadest proximally, tapering distally, minutely ciliate marginally;

anthers with 2 bifurcating awns, dehiscent by subterminal pores proximal to awns.

sepals 5, connate ca. 1/2 their lengths, red to deep pink, narrowly ovate, 2–2.5 mm, glabrous;

petals 5, connate basally, white to pale pink, 2.5–4 mm, glabrous, corolla campanulate, lobes (spreading), 1.5–3 mm;

filaments broadest proximally, glabrous;

anthers without awns, dehiscent by terminal pores.

Fruits

white, 6–8 mm wide.

red, 5–7 mm wide.

Gaultheria pyroloides

Gaultheria humifusa

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug; fruiting Sep–Oct. Flowering Jun–Jul; fruiting Jul–Sep.
Habitat Alpine heath and rocky soils on mountain slopes Coniferous woodlands and in moist soils along stream banks, subalpine to alpine wet meadows, rocky mountain slopes
Elevation 400-2900 m (1300-9500 ft) 900-3700 m (3000-12100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; e Asia (Japan)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Gaultheria pyroloides is native on Honshu Island, Japan, and has been collected from a restricted location in Alaska, on the northeast corner of Kiska Island in the western Aleutians.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 514. FNA vol. 8, p. 513.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae > Gaultheria Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae > Gaultheria
Sibling taxa
G. hispidula, G. humifusa, G. ovatifolia, G. procumbens, G. shallon
G. hispidula, G. ovatifolia, G. procumbens, G. pyroloides, G. shallon
Synonyms G. miqueliana Vaccinium humifusum, G. myrsinites
Name authority Hooker f. & Thomson ex Miquel: Ann. Mus. Bot. Ludguno-Batavi 1: 30. 1863 , (Graham) Rydberg: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 300. 1900 ,
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