Gaillardia pinnatifida |
Gaillardia |
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red dome blanketflower, yellow blanket flower |
blanket-flower, fire wheel, gaillardia |
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Habit | Perennials (sometimes flowering first year, sometimes rhizomatous), (5–)15–35+ cm. | Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, 10–80+ cm (sometimes rhizomatous). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | usually erect, usually branched (from bases or throughout). |
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Leaves | basal and cauline, mostly restricted to proximal 1/3–1/2; petiolar bases 0–5+ cm; blades mostly oblanceolate to spatulate, 3–6(–12) cm × 3–18(–30) mm, margins mostly pinnatifid, distal sometimes toothed or entire (rarely all linear, entire), faces closely strigillose to shaggily villous. |
basal, basal and cauline, or mostly cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades mostly elliptic, lanceolate, linear, oblong, obovate, ovate, or spatulate, often pinnately lobed, ultimate margins toothed or entire, faces usually scabrellous to villous (hairs simple or jointed), rarely glabrous, usually notably gland-dotted (except in 10. G. suavis). |
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Peduncles | (4–)8–25+ cm. |
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Involucres | hemispheric to nearly rotate, mostly 9–20+ mm diam. |
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Receptacles | convex to hemispheric, smooth or pitted (often with scattered, hard, setiform enations), epaleate. |
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Ray florets | 0 or 5–14; corollas usually uniformly yellow, sometimes proximally and/or abaxially reddish, 10–25+ mm. |
0, or 5–15+, usually neuter, rarely pistillate and fertile or styliferous and sterile; corollas yellow to white or orange to red, purplish, or brown, often bicolored (sometimes “ray” corollas funnelform, 5-lobed, heads radiant). |
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Disc florets | (30–)60–100+; corollas usually proximally ochroleucous or yellow and distally purplish, rarely wholly yellow, tubes 0.8–1 mm, throats campanulate to plumply urceolate, 3–4.5 mm, lobes broadly deltate to deltate-ovate, 0.5–1 mm, jointed hairs 0.3+ mm. |
20–100+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow or orange to red, purplish, or brown (distally ± shaggily hairy, hairs jointed), tubes much shorter than ampliate, campanulate to cylindric or urceolate throats, lobes 5, broadly deltate or ovate (± equal, sometimes attenuate or attenuate-terete apically; style-branch apices ± attenuate, usually hispidulous). |
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Phyllaries | 20–30, ovate- to lanceolate-attenuate, 7–12+ mm, hispidulous to villous (hairs often jointed). |
persistent, 14–40+ in 2–3+ series (reflexed in fruit, usually distinct, oblanceolate, lanceolate, narrowly triangular, or linear, subequal to unequal, usually chartaceous proximally, distally herbaceous, apices often attenuate). |
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Heads | usually radiate or discoid (sometimes radiant), borne singly. |
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Cypselae | obpyramidal, 1–3 mm, hairs 1–2 mm, inserted at bases and on angles and faces; pappi of 8–11 lanceolate, aristate scales 3–7 mm (scarious bases 1.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 mm). |
obpyramidal to clavate, ± 4-angled (lengths 1–1.5+ diams.), sparsely to densely hairy (at least proximally, hairs straight); pappi usually persistent, of 6–10+ medially thickened, laterally scarious scales in 1–2 series (all, some, or none aristate), rarely 0. |
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Receptacular | setae usually 1–3 mm, rarely wanting. |
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x | = 19. |
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2n | = 34. |
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Gaillardia pinnatifida |
Gaillardia |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Oct, mostly May–Jul. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Clays or sandy soils, often disturbed places, in grasslands, desert scrub-lands, or pinyon woodlands | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 900–2000 m (3000–6600 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CO; NM; NV; OK; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora)
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North America; Mexico; South America (mostly Argentina) |
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Discussion | Some plants, especially from Arizona, included here in Gaillardia pinnatifida, have mostly narrow, undivided leaf blades (mostly 3–8+ mm wide, villous to sparsely strigillose; var. linearis) and intergrade with similar plants called G. multiceps, which have sparsely and minutely hispidulous or glabrate leaf blades. Plants from Utah with yellow disc corollas and densely gland-dotted leaves, included here in Gaillardia pinnatifida, have been recognized as G. flava. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 15–17 or more (11 in the flora). Some horticultural gaillardias may be derived from hybrids (e.g., Gaillardia ×grandiflora van Houtte) involving G. aristata and some other species (probably G. pulchella). Such horticultural plants sometimes persist after cultivation or occur sporadically as waifs in places well beyond the “natural” ranges of the “parent” species; e.g., scattered localities in Arizona and California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 423. | FNA vol. 21, p. 421. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Gaillardia | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | G. flava, G. gracilis, G. mearnsii, G. pinnatifida var. linearis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 214. (1827) | Fougeroux: Observ. Phys. 29: 55. 1786 (as Gaillarda): Hist. Acad. Roy. Sci. Mém. Math. Phys. (Paris, 4to) 1786: 5. (1788) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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