Funaria hygrometrica |
Funaria muhlenbergii |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bonfire moss, common cord-moss, funaria moss |
Muhlenberg's cord-moss, Muhlenberg's funaria moss |
|||||
Habit | Plants 4–10 or more mm, with a basal antheridial branch, medium green to yellowish green; leafless proximally with leaves crowded and bulbiform distally, sometimes laxly foliate throughout. | Plants 2–6 mm, green to yellow-green, leaves crowded at the tip. | ||||
Leaves | smaller proximally, distal leaves 2–4 mm, deeply concave, oblong-ovate to broadly obovate distally, acute to apiculate or short-acuminate, entire or weakly serrulate distally; costa subpercurrent to short-excurrent; distal laminal cells thin-walled and inflated, hexagonal or oblong-hexagonal becoming much more oblong proximally. |
few and scale-like proximally, distal leaves 1.5–3 mm, oblong-lanceolate to ovate or occasionally oblong-ovate, narrowed to a slender acuminate tip to about 1/6 the leaf length, entire to serrulate distally and entire proximally, costa ending at the base of or before the acumen; distal laminal cells short-rhomboid to rhomboid-hexagonal, becoming oblong-rectangular proximally and narrowing at the basal margins. |
||||
Seta | usually (12–)20–45(–80) mm, slender and flexuose, usually hygroscopic. |
5–15 mm, reddish, nearly straight. |
||||
Capsule | 2–3.5 mm, pyriform, asymmetric, curved to straight, horizontal to pendent or merely inclined or nearly erect, becoming sulcate when dry below the strongly oblique mouth; annulus revoluble, operculum slightly convex; peristome brown, papillose-striate proximally and papillose distally, strongly trabeculate, becoming appendiculate distally, forming a lattice by fusion of the tips; endostome segments lanceolate about 2/3 as long as the teeth, yellowish, finely papillose-striate. |
2–3 mm, inclined, asymmetric, pyriform with the neck as long as the spore sac, scarcely wrinkled and little contracted below the mouth when dry; annulus none; operculum conic-rounded; peristome teeth linear-lanceolate, reddish brown basally, hyaline at the tips, strongly trabeculate and appendiculate, papillose-striate throughout; endostome segments narrowly lanceolate and about 2/3 the length of the teeth, papillose. |
||||
Calyptra | cucullate, smooth. |
cucullate, long-rostrate. |
||||
Spores | mostly 12–21 µm, finely papillose. |
21–30 µm, baccate insulate. |
||||
Funaria hygrometrica |
Funaria muhlenbergii |
|||||
Habitat | Bare, apparently alkaline, soils | |||||
Elevation | moderate elevations | |||||
Distribution |
Worldwide except Antarctica
|
AK; AZ; CA; CO; MT; NM; TX; UT; WA; BC; YT; Mexico; Central America; Europe; Asia (Israel); n Africa |
||||
Discussion | Varieties ca. 20 (2 in the flora). Funaria hygrometrica is one of the most common, weedy, and widely distributed mosses in the world; its distribution closely parallels that of Bryum argenteum. It is widely illustrated in textbooks to demonstrate the life cycle of a typical moss, possibly because of the abundant conspicuous sporophytes produced and its frequent presence in greenhouses. However, the peristome with opposite, instead of alternate, teeth in the two peristome rows is clearly atypical among the majority of mosses. Most of the varieties that have been described probably do not merit recognition because of the morphological plasticity of the species in response to environmental conditions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The apparent rarity of Funaria muhlenbergii in semi-arid portions of the West may be due to the maturation of the species in early spring when the weather is cool and wet, and moisture is available from winter rains and melting snow. S. Flowers (1973) provided a good illustration of American plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 190. | FNA vol. 27, p. 194. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | F. calcarea, F. mediterranea | |||||
Name authority | Hedwig: Sp. Musc. Frond., 172. (1801) | Turner: Ann. Bot. (Koenig & Sims) 2: 198. (1805) | ||||
Web links |