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western umbrella-sedge

Photo is of parent taxon

western umbrella-sedge

Habit Herbs annual or perennial, mostly cespitose; rhizomes present or absent, if present without cormose buds. Herbs perennial, 2–10 m; rhizomes scaly, without cormlike buds, stout and short to long and slender.
Culms

tufted or widely spaced, erect to leaning, culm tips hispid-hirsute, internodes glabrous proximal to inflorescence.

tufted or in line on rhizome.

Leaves

sheaths at culm base or apex sometimes hairy, sheaths at or toward midculm usually glabrous;

principal blades linear or lance-linear, flat, 5–20 cm, hispid-ciliate, abaxially hispid, pilose, or glabrous, adaxially glabrous to pilose.

principal blades 5–20 cm, margins hispid-ciliate.

Inflorescences

of spikelets in clusters 1–3(–5).

Spikelets

ovoid, lance-ovoid, or cylindric, 8–15(–20) mm, apex acute;

fertile scales obovate or oblong, 2–3.5 mm;

cusp spreading-excurved, 2/3 or more length of scale;

evident ribs 5–7, central 3 convergent to cusp.

ovoid, lance-ovoid, or lance-cylindric, 8–15(–20) mm;

fertile scales 2.5–3.5 mm.

Flowers

florets 2–3 mm;

perianth bristles reaching base of perianth blades or beyond, retrorsely barbellate (sometimes with narrow blades);

perianth blades with long claw, ovate, rounded or retuse, rarely acute, apically or subapically bristled, bristle erect or incurved, short to elongate, retrorsely scabridulous;

anthers 1–3, 0.5–1.2 mm.

anthers 3, 0.9–1.2 mm.

Achenes

stipe and beak nearly as long as fruit;

body angles pale, faces deep glossy brown, red-brown, or yellow, 1 mm;

beak tip narrow, usually papillose.

2n

= 30.

Fuirena simplex

Fuirena simplex var. simplex

Phenology Fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat Sands, clays, peats, gravels, often over limestones, in interdunal swales, seeps, low open woods, savannas and prairies, often along stream terraces
Elevation 0–500 m (0–1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; KS; LA; MO; NE; NM; OK; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; n South America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; KS; NM; OK; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico); n South America
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Plants perennial; anthers 0.9–1.2 mm.
var. simplex
1. Plants rhizomatous, usually annual; anthers 0.5– 0.6 mm.
var. aristulata
Source FNA vol. 23, p. 36. FNA vol. 23, p. 36.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Fuirena Cyperaceae > Fuirena > Fuirena simplex
Sibling taxa
F. breviseta, F. bushii, F. longa, F. pumila, F. scirpoidea, F. squarrosa
F. simplex var. aristulata
Subordinate taxa
F. simplex var. aristulata, F. simplex var. simplex
Synonyms F. cylindrica, F. obtusiflora, F. primiera, F. schiedeana, F. squarrosa var. macrostachya, F. zacapana
Name authority Vahl: Eclog. Amer. 2: 8. (1798) unknown
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