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Fritillaria recurva

red bells, scarlet fritillary

black lily, Indian rice, Kamchatka fritillary, northern rice-root, rice-root fritillary

Bulb

scales: large 6; small 20–30.

scales: large 6–15; small 30–190.

Stem

3–9 dm.

2–6 dm.

Leaves

in 1–3 whorls of 2–5 leaves per node proximally, alternate distally, 3–15 cm;

blade linear to narrowly lanceolate.

in 1–3 whorls of 5–9 leaves per node proximally, alternate distally, 4–10 cm, usually shorter than inflorescence;

blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate;

distal leaves usually ± equaling proximalmost leaf.

Flowers

nodding;

perianth slender;

tepals scarlet, checkered with yellow adaxially and purple abaxially, 1.5–3.7 cm, apex usually strongly recurved;

nectaries yellow, narrowly lanceolate, 1/4 tepal length or less;

style obviously branched for 1/4–1/2 its length, branches ± erect, longer than 1.5 mm.

spreading to nodding, odor unpleasant;

tepals dark greenish brown to brownish purple, sometimes streaked or spotted with yellow, oblong-elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 2–3 cm, apex not recurved;

nectaries obscure, same color as tepals, linear, ± equaling tepal length;

style obviously branched for 2/3 its length, branches longer than 1.5 mm.

Capsules

winged.

cylindric-ovoid.

2n

= 24, 36.

= 24, 36.

Fritillaria recurva

Fritillaria camschatcensis

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jun. Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Dry hillsides in shrubland or woodlands Moist areas from near tideflats to mountain meadows
Elevation 300–2200 m [1000–7200 ft] 0–1000 m [0–3300 ft]
Distribution
map from FNA
CA; NV; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
map from FNA
AK; OR; WA; BC; Asia (Japan, Russia)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Variety coccinea has been recognized by a number of authors, but examination of numerous specimens indicates no consistent distinction. In some cases, different plants from the same population appear to align with different varieties.

The Shasta and Yana tribes used Fritillaria recurva bulbs as food.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Coastal Native Americans used bulbs of this species for food. Often the bulbs were dried and later added to other foods, especially soups and fish dishes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Liliaceae > Fritillaria Liliaceae > Fritillaria
Sibling taxa
F. affinis, F. agrestis, F. atropurpurea, F. biflora, F. brandegeei, F. camschatcensis, F. eastwoodiae, F. falcata, F. gentneri, F. glauca, F. liliacea, F. micrantha, F. ojaiensis, F. pinetorum, F. pluriflora, F. pudica, F. purdyi, F. striata, F. viridea
F. affinis, F. agrestis, F. atropurpurea, F. biflora, F. brandegeei, F. eastwoodiae, F. falcata, F. gentneri, F. glauca, F. liliacea, F. micrantha, F. ojaiensis, F. pinetorum, F. pluriflora, F. pudica, F. purdyi, F. recurva, F. striata, F. viridea
Synonyms F. recurva var. coccinea Lilium camschatcense
Name authority Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 340. (1857) (Linnaeus) Ker Gawler: Bot. Mag. 30: under plate 1216. (1809)
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 171. Treatment author: Bryan Ness. FNA vol. 26, p. 168. Treatment author: Bryan Ness.
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