Fritillaria camschatcensis |
Fritillaria biflora |
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black lily, Indian rice, Kamchatka fritillary, northern rice-root, rice-root fritillary |
chocolate-lily, mission bells |
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Bulb scales | large 6–15; small 30–190. |
large 2–8; small 0–4. |
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Stem | 2–6 dm. |
1–4.5 dm. |
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Leaves | in 1–3 whorls of 5–9 leaves per node proximally, alternate distally, 4–10 cm, usually shorter than inflorescence; blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate; distal leaves usually ± equaling proximalmost leaf. |
3–7, alternate, often ± crowded just above ground level, 5–19 cm; blade linear or oblong to narrowly ovate. |
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Flowers | spreading to nodding, odor unpleasant; tepals dark greenish brown to brownish purple, sometimes streaked or spotted with yellow, oblong-elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 2–3 cm, apex not recurved; nectaries obscure, same color as tepals, linear, ± equaling tepal length; style obviously branched for 2/3 its length, branches longer than 1.5 mm. |
nodding, odorless or sometimes with unpleasant odor; tepals dark brown to greenish purple or yellowish green, narrowly ovoid, 1.8–4 cm, apex not recurved; nectaries prominent, purplish to greenish, narrowly linear, forming narrow band 2/3 to equaling tepal length; style obviously branched for 1/2–2/3 its length, branches longer than 1.5 mm. |
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Capsules | cylindric-ovoid. |
angled. |
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2n | = 24, 36. |
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Fritillaria camschatcensis |
Fritillaria biflora |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Moist areas from near tideflats to mountain meadows | |||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; OR; WA; BC; Asia (Japan, Russia)
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CA
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Discussion | Coastal Native Americans used bulbs of this species for food. Often the bulbs were dried and later added to other foods, especially soups and fish dishes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). This species is sometimes confused with Fritillaria agrestis, which grows in heavier soil and has flowers with an unpleasant odor. Fritillaria roderickii is still recognized by some botanists, but it appears to be little more than a localized flower-color variant of F. biflora var. biflora, and is valued by horticulturists for this reason. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 168. | FNA vol. 26, p. 168. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Fritillaria | Liliaceae > Fritillaria | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Lilium camschatcense | |||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Ker Gawler: Bot. Mag. 30: under plate 1216. (1809) | Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 20: under plate 1663. (1834) | ||||
Web links |