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chocolate-lily, mission bells

San Benito fritillary

Bulb scales

large 2–8; small 0–4.

large 3–5; small 0–4.

Stem

1–4.5 dm.

3–6.5 dm.

Leaves

3–7, alternate, often ± crowded just above ground level, 5–19 cm;

blade linear or oblong to narrowly ovate.

in 1–2 whorls of 3–4 leaves per node proximally, alternate distally, 4–10 cm, usually shorter than inflorescence;

blade narrowly lanceolate;

distal leaves usually ± equaling proximalmost leaf.

Flowers

nodding, odorless or sometimes with unpleasant odor;

tepals dark brown to greenish purple or yellowish green, narrowly ovoid, 1.8–4 cm, apex not recurved;

nectaries prominent, purplish to greenish, narrowly linear, forming narrow band 2/3 to equaling tepal length;

style obviously branched for 1/2–2/3 its length, branches longer than 1.5 mm.

nodding;

tepals pale green to almost black, not mottled, lanceolate, 0.9–1.8 cm, apex not recurved;

nectaries green, lanceolate, ca. 1/2 tepal length;

style obviously branched for 1/2 its length, branches longer than 1.5 mm.

Capsules

angled.

winged.

Fritillaria biflora

Fritillaria viridea

Phenology Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat Serpentine slopes
Elevation 200–1500 m (700–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

This species is sometimes confused with Fritillaria agrestis, which grows in heavier soil and has flowers with an unpleasant odor. Fritillaria roderickii is still recognized by some botanists, but it appears to be little more than a localized flower-color variant of F. biflora var. biflora, and is valued by horticulturists for this reason.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Fritillaria viridea is considered rare and endangered in California. It is closely related to F. affinis and considered synonymous with it by some authors.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blade widely lanceolate to oblanceolate.
var. biflora
1. Leaf blade linear to narrowly lanceolate.
var. ineziana
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 168. FNA vol. 26, p. 171.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Fritillaria Liliaceae > Fritillaria
Sibling taxa
F. affinis, F. agrestis, F. atropurpurea, F. brandegeei, F. camschatcensis, F. eastwoodiae, F. falcata, F. gentneri, F. glauca, F. liliacea, F. micrantha, F. ojaiensis, F. pinetorum, F. pluriflora, F. pudica, F. purdyi, F. recurva, F. striata, F. viridea
F. affinis, F. agrestis, F. atropurpurea, F. biflora, F. brandegeei, F. camschatcensis, F. eastwoodiae, F. falcata, F. gentneri, F. glauca, F. liliacea, F. micrantha, F. ojaiensis, F. pinetorum, F. pluriflora, F. pudica, F. purdyi, F. recurva, F. striata
Subordinate taxa
F. biflora var. biflora, F. biflora var. ineziana
Name authority Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 20: under plate 1663. (1834) Kellogg: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 9. (1863)
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