Fritillaria biflora |
Fritillaria recurva |
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chocolate-lily, mission bells |
red bells, scarlet fritillary |
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Bulb scales | large 2–8; small 0–4. |
large 6; small 20–30. |
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Stem | 1–4.5 dm. |
3–9 dm. |
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Leaves | 3–7, alternate, often ± crowded just above ground level, 5–19 cm; blade linear or oblong to narrowly ovate. |
in 1–3 whorls of 2–5 leaves per node proximally, alternate distally, 3–15 cm; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate. |
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Flowers | nodding, odorless or sometimes with unpleasant odor; tepals dark brown to greenish purple or yellowish green, narrowly ovoid, 1.8–4 cm, apex not recurved; nectaries prominent, purplish to greenish, narrowly linear, forming narrow band 2/3 to equaling tepal length; style obviously branched for 1/2–2/3 its length, branches longer than 1.5 mm. |
nodding; perianth slender; tepals scarlet, checkered with yellow adaxially and purple abaxially, 1.5–3.7 cm, apex usually strongly recurved; nectaries yellow, narrowly lanceolate, 1/4 tepal length or less; style obviously branched for 1/4–1/2 its length, branches ± erect, longer than 1.5 mm. |
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Capsules | angled. |
winged. |
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2n | = 24, 36. |
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Fritillaria biflora |
Fritillaria recurva |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Dry hillsides in shrubland or woodlands | |||||
Elevation | 300–2200 m (1000–7200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA
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CA; NV; OR
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). This species is sometimes confused with Fritillaria agrestis, which grows in heavier soil and has flowers with an unpleasant odor. Fritillaria roderickii is still recognized by some botanists, but it appears to be little more than a localized flower-color variant of F. biflora var. biflora, and is valued by horticulturists for this reason. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Variety coccinea has been recognized by a number of authors, but examination of numerous specimens indicates no consistent distinction. In some cases, different plants from the same population appear to align with different varieties. The Shasta and Yana tribes used Fritillaria recurva bulbs as food. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 168. | FNA vol. 26, p. 171. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Fritillaria | Liliaceae > Fritillaria | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | F. recurva var. coccinea | |||||
Name authority | Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 20: under plate 1663. (1834) | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 340. (1857) | ||||
Web links |