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chocolate-lily, mission bells

Adobe-lily

Bulb scales

large 2–8; small 0–4.

large 1–12; small 0–2.

Stem

1–4.5 dm.

1.5–4.5 dm.

Leaves

3–7, alternate, often ± crowded just above ground level, 5–19 cm;

blade linear or oblong to narrowly ovate.

3–10, alternate, clustered near ground, 6–15 cm;

blade elliptic to obovate-oblong.

Flowers

nodding, odorless or sometimes with unpleasant odor;

tepals dark brown to greenish purple or yellowish green, narrowly ovoid, 1.8–4 cm, apex not recurved;

nectaries prominent, purplish to greenish, narrowly linear, forming narrow band 2/3 to equaling tepal length;

style obviously branched for 1/2–2/3 its length, branches longer than 1.5 mm.

nodding, not noticeably fragrant;

tepals pinkish purple, obovate, 2–3.5 cm, apex rounded to acute, not recurved;

nectaries lavender, narrowly linear, 2/3 tepal length;

style unbranched.

Capsules

angled.

obtusely angled.

2n

= 24.

Fritillaria biflora

Fritillaria pluriflora

Phenology Flowering Mar–Apr.
Habitat Adobe soil of interior foothills
Elevation 0–500 m (0–1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

This species is sometimes confused with Fritillaria agrestis, which grows in heavier soil and has flowers with an unpleasant odor. Fritillaria roderickii is still recognized by some botanists, but it appears to be little more than a localized flower-color variant of F. biflora var. biflora, and is valued by horticulturists for this reason.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Fritillaria pluriflora is considered rare and endangered in California and is in cultivation.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blade widely lanceolate to oblanceolate.
var. biflora
1. Leaf blade linear to narrowly lanceolate.
var. ineziana
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 168. FNA vol. 26, p. 170.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Fritillaria Liliaceae > Fritillaria
Sibling taxa
F. affinis, F. agrestis, F. atropurpurea, F. brandegeei, F. camschatcensis, F. eastwoodiae, F. falcata, F. gentneri, F. glauca, F. liliacea, F. micrantha, F. ojaiensis, F. pinetorum, F. pluriflora, F. pudica, F. purdyi, F. recurva, F. striata, F. viridea
F. affinis, F. agrestis, F. atropurpurea, F. biflora, F. brandegeei, F. camschatcensis, F. eastwoodiae, F. falcata, F. gentneri, F. glauca, F. liliacea, F. micrantha, F. ojaiensis, F. pinetorum, F. pudica, F. purdyi, F. recurva, F. striata, F. viridea
Subordinate taxa
F. biflora var. biflora, F. biflora var. ineziana
Name authority Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 20: under plate 1663. (1834) Torrey ex Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 338. (1857)
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