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chocolate-lily, mission bells

brown bells, brown fritillary

Bulb scales

large 2–8; small 0–4.

large 1–4; small 12–60.

Stem

1–4.5 dm.

4–9 dm.

Leaves

3–7, alternate, often ± crowded just above ground level, 5–19 cm;

blade linear or oblong to narrowly ovate.

in 1–3 whorls of 4–6 leaves per node proximally, alternate distally, 4.5–15 cm, usually shorter than inflorescence;

blade linear to narrowly lanceolate;

distal leaves usually ± equaling proximalmost leaf.

Flowers

nodding, odorless or sometimes with unpleasant odor;

tepals dark brown to greenish purple or yellowish green, narrowly ovoid, 1.8–4 cm, apex not recurved;

nectaries prominent, purplish to greenish, narrowly linear, forming narrow band 2/3 to equaling tepal length;

style obviously branched for 1/2–2/3 its length, branches longer than 1.5 mm.

nodding;

tepals purplish to greenish white, sometimes faintly mottled, 1–2 cm, apex not recurved;

nectaries greenish white, dotted purple, narrowly lanceolate, more than 1/3 but less than 1/2 tepal length;

style obviously branched for 1/3–2/3 its length, branches strongly recurved, longer than 1.5 mm.

Capsules

angled.

broadly winged.

2n

= 24.

Fritillaria biflora

Fritillaria micrantha

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Dry benches and slopes to forest
Elevation 300–1800 m (1000–5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

This species is sometimes confused with Fritillaria agrestis, which grows in heavier soil and has flowers with an unpleasant odor. Fritillaria roderickii is still recognized by some botanists, but it appears to be little more than a localized flower-color variant of F. biflora var. biflora, and is valued by horticulturists for this reason.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blade widely lanceolate to oblanceolate.
var. biflora
1. Leaf blade linear to narrowly lanceolate.
var. ineziana
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 168. FNA vol. 26, p. 170.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Fritillaria Liliaceae > Fritillaria
Sibling taxa
F. affinis, F. agrestis, F. atropurpurea, F. brandegeei, F. camschatcensis, F. eastwoodiae, F. falcata, F. gentneri, F. glauca, F. liliacea, F. micrantha, F. ojaiensis, F. pinetorum, F. pluriflora, F. pudica, F. purdyi, F. recurva, F. striata, F. viridea
F. affinis, F. agrestis, F. atropurpurea, F. biflora, F. brandegeei, F. camschatcensis, F. eastwoodiae, F. falcata, F. gentneri, F. glauca, F. liliacea, F. ojaiensis, F. pinetorum, F. pluriflora, F. pudica, F. purdyi, F. recurva, F. striata, F. viridea
Subordinate taxa
F. biflora var. biflora, F. biflora var. ineziana
Synonyms F. parviflora
Name authority Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 20: under plate 1663. (1834) A. Heller: Muhlenbergia 6: 83. (1910)
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