Fritillaria biflora |
Fritillaria eastwoodiae |
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chocolate-lily, mission bells |
Butte County fritillary |
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Bulb scales | large 2–8; small 0–4. |
large 2–5; small 10–60. |
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Stem | 1–4.5 dm. |
2–8 dm. |
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Leaves | 3–7, alternate, often ± crowded just above ground level, 5–19 cm; blade linear or oblong to narrowly ovate. |
in 1–2 whorls of 3–5 leaves per node proximally, alternate distally, 5–10 cm, usually shorter than inflorescence; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate, ± glaucous; distal leaves usually ± equaling proximalmost leaf. |
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Flowers | nodding, odorless or sometimes with unpleasant odor; tepals dark brown to greenish purple or yellowish green, narrowly ovoid, 1.8–4 cm, apex not recurved; nectaries prominent, purplish to greenish, narrowly linear, forming narrow band 2/3 to equaling tepal length; style obviously branched for 1/2–2/3 its length, branches longer than 1.5 mm. |
nodding; tepals pale greenish yellow to red, narrowly elliptic, 1–1.7 cm, apex usually flared to slightly recurved; nectaries green, gold, or yellow, lanceolate, less than 1/3 tepal length; style obviously branched for less than 1/2 its length, branches barely recurved, longer than 1.5 mm. |
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Capsules | angled. |
angled. |
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2n | = 24, 34, 36. |
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Fritillaria biflora |
Fritillaria eastwoodiae |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | |||||
Habitat | Dry benches and slopes, sometimes on serpentine, in chaparral or beneath conifers | |||||
Elevation | 500–1500 m (1600–4900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA
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CA; OR |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). This species is sometimes confused with Fritillaria agrestis, which grows in heavier soil and has flowers with an unpleasant odor. Fritillaria roderickii is still recognized by some botanists, but it appears to be little more than a localized flower-color variant of F. biflora var. biflora, and is valued by horticulturists for this reason. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
This species is highly variable and shows evidence of either being of hybrid origin between Fritillaria recurva and F. micrantha, or, if it is of separate origin, appearing to hybridize easily with those two species. In the northern part of its range, F. eastwoodiae intergrades with F. recurva, whereas in the southern part of its range it intergrades with F. micrantha. Occasional individuals throughout the range display traits of both F. recurva and F. micrantha. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 168. | FNA vol. 26, p. 169. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Fritillaria | Liliaceae > Fritillaria | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | F. phaeanthera | |||||
Name authority | Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 20: under plate 1663. (1834) | R. M. MacFarlane: Madroño 25: 95. (1978) | ||||
Web links |