The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

chocolate-lily, mission bells

Photo is of parent taxon

chocolate lily

Bulb scales

large 2–8; small 0–4.

Stem

1–4.5 dm.

Leaves

3–7, alternate, often ± crowded just above ground level, 5–19 cm;

blade linear or oblong to narrowly ovate.

8–40 mm wide;

blade widely lanceolate to oblanceolate.

Flowers

nodding, odorless or sometimes with unpleasant odor;

tepals dark brown to greenish purple or yellowish green, narrowly ovoid, 1.8–4 cm, apex not recurved;

nectaries prominent, purplish to greenish, narrowly linear, forming narrow band 2/3 to equaling tepal length;

style obviously branched for 1/2–2/3 its length, branches longer than 1.5 mm.

1.8–4 cm, odor not unpleasant.

Capsules

angled.

2n

= 24.

Fritillaria biflora

Fritillaria biflora var. biflora

Phenology Flowering Mar–Apr.
Habitat Grassy slopes, mesas, serpentine barrens
Elevation 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

This species is sometimes confused with Fritillaria agrestis, which grows in heavier soil and has flowers with an unpleasant odor. Fritillaria roderickii is still recognized by some botanists, but it appears to be little more than a localized flower-color variant of F. biflora var. biflora, and is valued by horticulturists for this reason.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blade widely lanceolate to oblanceolate.
var. biflora
1. Leaf blade linear to narrowly lanceolate.
var. ineziana
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 168. FNA vol. 26.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Fritillaria Liliaceae > Fritillaria > Fritillaria biflora
Sibling taxa
F. affinis, F. agrestis, F. atropurpurea, F. brandegeei, F. camschatcensis, F. eastwoodiae, F. falcata, F. gentneri, F. glauca, F. liliacea, F. micrantha, F. ojaiensis, F. pinetorum, F. pluriflora, F. pudica, F. purdyi, F. recurva, F. striata, F. viridea
F. biflora var. ineziana
Subordinate taxa
F. biflora var. biflora, F. biflora var. ineziana
Synonyms F. roderickii
Name authority Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 20: under plate 1663. (1834) unknown
Web links