Fritillaria atropurpurea
Fritillaria recurva
purple fritillary, spotted fritillary, spotted missionbells, spotted mountain bells
red bells, scarlet fritillary
large 2–5; small 45–50.
large 6; small 20–30.
1–6 dm.
3–9 dm.
in whorls of 2–3 leaves per node proximally, 4–12 cm, usually shorter than inflorescence;
blade linear to lanceolate;
distal leaves usually slightly less than or equaling proximalmost leaf.
in 1–3 whorls of 2–5 leaves per node proximally, alternate distally, 3–15 cm;
blade linear to narrowly lanceolate.
nodding;
perianth widely open;
tepals purplish brown, clearly mottled yellow or white, oblong to ± diamond-shaped, 1–2.5 cm, margins flat to revolute, apex not recurved;
nectaries obscure, covering most of tepals, yellow with dark reddish dots, elliptic;
style obviously branched for more than 1/2 its length;
branches longer than 1.5 mm.
nodding;
perianth slender;
tepals scarlet, checkered with yellow adaxially and purple abaxially, 1.5–3.7 cm, apex usually strongly recurved;
nectaries yellow, narrowly lanceolate, 1/4 tepal length or less;
style obviously branched for 1/4–1/2 its length, branches ± erect, longer than 1.5 mm.
acutely angled.
winged.
= 24, 36.
Fritillaria atropurpurea
Fritillaria recurva
This species has the widest geographic distribution in the genus. It is easily confused with Fritillaria pinetorum as there is no one consistent, distinguishing trait. These two species are most easily identified in the field, but herbarium specimens can be successfully identified using a combination of flower posture and cauline leaf traits. In F. pinetorum the flowers are almost always erect, although some of the flowers may be ± spreading. In F. atropurpurea the flowers are nodding, with some flowers sometimes ± spreading. The habit of the flowers can be easily confused in pressed specimens, so careful attention to cauline leaf traits works best for them. Fritillaria pinetorum has long proximalmost cauline leaves that surpass the inflorescence, whereas the proximalmost cauline leaves in F. atropurpurea almost never exceed the inflorescence. For accurate identifications, it is best to look at several individuals from a location.
The Lakota tribe used the whole plant of this species as a cancer cure. Plants were pulverized into a salve and applied to scrofulous swellings.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Variety coccinea has been recognized by a number of authors, but examination of numerous specimens indicates no consistent distinction. In some cases, different plants from the same population appear to align with different varieties.
The Shasta and Yana tribes used Fritillaria recurva bulbs as food.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
CA
OR
Flora NW
PNW Herbaria
SW CO Wildflowers
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist
USDA Plants Database
