Frasera albicaulis |
Frasera caroliniensis |
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white-stem elkweed, white-stem frasera |
American columbo |
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| Habit | Herbs perennial, 1–6.5 dm. | Herbs monocarpic, 10–25 dm, glabrous or stems and leaves puberulent. | ||||||||||||||||
| Stems | 1–few, with several rosettes. |
1. |
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| Leaf | blades narrowly white-margined; basal oblanceolate, 4–23 × 0.3–1.2(–2) cm, basal leaves generally longer than lowest internode; cauline leaves opposite, proximal blades oblanceolate to oblong, distal linear-oblong. |
blades not white-margined; basal spatulate to elliptic or narrowly obovate, 20–45 × 3–10 cm, apex rounded to acute; cauline leaves whorled, blade oblong-lanceolate, 10–32 × 3–7 cm. |
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| Inflorescences | narrow, 1.5–4(–5) cm wide, interrupted proximally, ± continuous distally. |
elongate, open proximally, ± dense distally. |
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| Flowers | calyx 3–7(–12) mm; corolla greenish white to pale or medium blue, usually dark blue- to purple-dotted and/or with a dark blue, purple, or green central stripe (except in var. idahoensis), 6–12 mm, lobes oblong-obovate-elliptic, widest near midlength, abruptly tapering to acute to short-acuminate apex; androecial corona scales present, variable among the varieties; style slender, distinct; nectaries and foveae 1 per corolla lobe, foveae distal to nectary, opening into an elliptic-oblong to lance-ovate differentiated area on the corolla surface, rim fringed all around but with fringes shorter distally, or not fringed toward distal end. |
calyx 6–16(–25) mm; corolla pale yellowish green, purple-dotted and sometimes suffused with pale purple, 10–21 mm, lobes elliptic-oblong, apex short-acuminate; androecial corona of trichomes and deeply fringed scales to 3 mm; style slender, distinct; nectaries and foveae 1 per lobe, foveae round, opening directly adaxial to nectary, without a differentiated area on the corolla surface, rim ± evenly fringed all around. |
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| 2n | = 78. |
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Frasera albicaulis |
Frasera caroliniensis |
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| Phenology | Flowering late spring–early summer. | |||||||||||||||||
| Habitat | Deciduous, ± open woods, often ravines, calcareous soils. | |||||||||||||||||
| Elevation | 100–700 m. [300–2300 ft.] | |||||||||||||||||
| Distribution |
w United States
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AL; AR; GA; IL; IN; KY; MI; MO; MS; NC; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; ON
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| Discussion | Varieties 5 (5 in the flora). Frasera albicaulis varies in vegetative and abaxial corolla puberulence and in the size and dissection of the androecial corona. It has sometimes been divided into several species and additional varieties, but, from the material available for study at the time of this writing, it appears appropriate to recognize only five varieties, although F. ackermaniae might be considered for inclusion at varietal rank. Each of these varieties has a more or less distinct geographic range, but some intergrade. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
An old report of Frasera caroliniensis from Louisiana is plausible, but no documentation is known. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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| Key |
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| Synonyms | Leucocraspedum albicaule, Swertia albicaulis | Swertia caroliniensis | ||||||||||||||||
| Name authority | Grisebach in W. J. Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 67, plate 154. (1837) | Walter: Fl. Carol., 88. (1788) | ||||||||||||||||
| Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. | ||||||||||||||||
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