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wild strawberry, wood strawberry, woodland strawberry, woods strawberry

beach strawberry, Chilean or beach or sand strawberry, Chilean strawberry, coastal strawberry, Pacific coast strawberry

Habit Plants hermaphroditic (sometimes pistillate in subsp. bracteata). Plants hermaphroditic or unisexual.
Leaves

bright green (sometimes darker green in subsp. californica), not glaucous, thin, not leathery, not reticulately veined abaxially, terminal tooth of terminal leaflet longer than or equal to adjacent teeth (sometimes equal to or shorter than adjacent teeth in subsp. californica).

dark or dull green, not glaucous, thick, leathery, strongly reticulately veined abaxially, terminal tooth of terminal leaflet usually shorter than adjacent teeth, abaxial surface densely silky, adaxial glabrous, shiny.

Flowers

bisexual or unisexual;

hypanthium 11–21.2 mm diam.;

petals 5, ± obovate to nearly orbiculate, margins overlapping or distinct.

bisexual, pistillate or staminate (plants dioecious or trioecious);

hypanthium 14.5–27.8 mm diam.;

petals 5(or 6), obovate to widely depressed obovate, margins distinct or overlapping.

Achenes

deeply embedded, in shallow pits, or superficial, yellowish green to reddish brown, 1–1.5 mm;

bractlets and sepals clasping, spreading, or reflexed in fruit;

torus easily or not easily separating from hypanthium.

in shallow pits or partially embedded, reddish brown to dark brown, 1.4–2 mm;

bractlets and sepals clasping;

torus not easily separated from hypanthium.

Fragaria vesca

Fragaria chiloensis

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; Mexico; Eurasia [Introduced in West Indies, South America, Pacific Islands]
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CA; OR; WA; BC; South America
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 4 (4 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 4 (2 in the flora).

Fragaria chiloensis was first described from cultivated plants that had been selected in Chile at least 400 years ago and brought to Europe in 1714. Subsequently, it was realized that wild-growing plants of this species exist in North America and South America. The typical subspecies is restricted to South America; subspp. lucida and pacifica are present in North America, and the latter in Hawaii as well.

The proposal by K. E. Hokanson et al. (2006) to classify subsp. lucida and subsp. pacifica as forms of one North American subspecies seems inappropriate.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Fruiting tori easily separating from hypanthia, tori globose to ± oblong; achenes superficial or in shallow pits; leaves green to dark green, terminal leaflet blades ± round or slightly ovate-rhombic, length/width 0.9–1.3, teeth: relative number 0.4–0.9, relative size 1–2.3; bractlets and sepals spreading or reflexed in fruit.
subsp. californica
1. Fruiting tori easily or not easily separating from hypanthia, tori globose, subglobose, oblong-ovoid, or elongate-conic (slightly oblate or conic); achenes superficial, in shallow pits, or deeply embedded; leaves green to bright green, terminal leaflet blades ovate or obovate to slightly rhombic, length/width 1.1–1.8, teeth: relative number 0.2–0.6, relative size 1.5–4; bractlets and sepals clasping, spreading, or reflexed in fruit
→ 2
2. Flowers usually bisexual, sometimes pistillate, 15.3–23.8 mm diam.; petals usually white, sometimes pinkish; bractlets clasping or spreading to slightly reflexed, sepals clasping in fruit; achenes in shallow pits or deeply embedded; tori usually not easily separating from hypanthia.
subsp. bracteata
2. Flowers bisexual, 12–20.5 mm diam.; petals white; bractlets and sepals spreading to reflexed in fruit; achenes superficial or in shallow pits; tori easily separating from hypanthia
→ 3
3. Fruiting tori globose or subglobose (often slightly oblate or conic); leaves bright green; achenes superficial or in shallow pits.
subsp. vesca
3. Fruiting tori elongate-conic (often somewhat pointed); leaves green to bright green; achenes superficial.
subsp. americana
1. Stolons, petioles, peduncles, and pedicels usually appressed ascending-hairy, sometimes almost glabrous.
subsp. lucida
1. Stolons, petioles, peduncles, and pedicels spreading-hairy (usually densely so).
subsp. pacifica
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 275. FNA vol. 9, p. 278.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Fragaria Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Potentilleae > Fragaria
Sibling taxa
F. chiloensis, F. virginiana
F. vesca, F. virginiana
Subordinate taxa
F. vesca subsp. americana, F. vesca subsp. bracteata, F. vesca subsp. californica, F. vesca subsp. vesca
F. chiloensis subsp. lucida, F. chiloensis subsp. pacifica
Synonyms F. vesca var. chiloensis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 494. (1753) (Linnaeus) Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Fragaria no. 4. (1768)
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