Fothergilla major |
Hamamelidaceae |
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mountain witch alder |
witch-hazel family |
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Habit | Shrubs, 7-65 dm; branches robust. | Trees or shrubs, deciduous; pubescence stellate or sometimes simple. | ||||||||
Leaves | blade broadly elliptic or somewhat orbiculate to obovate, asymmetric, 2.5-13.5 × 4.2-12.5 cm, base rounded to truncate, rarely cuneate, often oblique, proximal margins entire, distal margins coarsely sinuate to repand, rarely entire, apex short-acuminate to rounded and mucronate; surfaces abaxially glaucous or green, adaxially green, both surfaces stellate-pubescent or nearly glabrous; veins (4-)5-6(-7) pairs. |
blade unlobed or deeply (3-)5-7-lobed, pinnately or palmately veined. |
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Inflorescences | nearly sessile to short-pedunculate, 3-6 × 2-3 cm. |
axillary or terminal, capitate or spicate to ± racemose, bracteate. |
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Flowers | calyx lobes persistent in fruit; stamens (10-)22-34; filaments 6-17 mm. |
bisexual or unisexual; perianth epigynous, 1-2-seriate, 4-5-merous, often reduced or absent, hypanthium present; calyx persistent, 4-5(-7)-lobed, or absent; petals distinct or absent; stamens 4-34; anthers basifixed, latrorse, 2-locular, longitudinally dehiscent by simple slit or by 1-2 vertical valves; pistil 1, 2-carpellate; ovary half-inferior, 2-locular; placentation axile; ovules 1(-2) in each locule and apical, or many, anatropous, pendent; styles and stigmas persistent, 2 each, erect or contorted and recurved. |
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Fruits | capsular, with leathery exocarp and bony endocarp, loculicidal and 2-seeded or septicidal with most of many seeds per locule aborted; 1-2 viable seeds per locule (Liquidambar). |
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Capsules | 5.5-13 mm. |
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Seeds | 5-6(-8) mm, apex pointed. |
fusiform, bony, lustrous, hilum apical, light colored, or seeds winged, hilum lateral (Liquidambar). |
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Fruiting | spikes 3.5-7 × 1.5-2.5 cm. |
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Dormant | buds naked or scaly. |
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2n | = 72. |
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Fothergilla major |
Hamamelidaceae |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | |||||||||
Habitat | Bluffs, dry rocky woodlands, talus slopes, riverbanks, upper piedmont to mountains | |||||||||
Elevation | 150-1300 m (500-4300 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; GA; NC; SC; TN
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e North America; Mexico; Central America; Temperate to tropical regions; e Asia; Africa (including Madagascar); Pacific Islands; and Australia |
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Discussion | The disjunct occurrence of Fothergilla major in Arkansas is a recent discovery. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera ca. 31, species ca. 100 (3 genera, 5 species in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3, p. 362. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Hamamelidaceae > Fothergilla | |||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | F. alnifolia var. major, F. monticola | |||||||||
Name authority | (Sims) Sweet: Hort. Suburb. Lond., 124. (1818) | R. Brown | ||||||||
Web links |