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mountain witch alder

witch-hazel family

Habit Shrubs, 7-65 dm; branches robust. Trees or shrubs, deciduous; pubescence stellate or sometimes simple.
Leaves

blade broadly elliptic or somewhat orbiculate to obovate, asymmetric, 2.5-13.5 × 4.2-12.5 cm, base rounded to truncate, rarely cuneate, often oblique, proximal margins entire, distal margins coarsely sinuate to repand, rarely entire, apex short-acuminate to rounded and mucronate;

surfaces abaxially glaucous or green, adaxially green, both surfaces stellate-pubescent or nearly glabrous;

veins (4-)5-6(-7) pairs.

blade unlobed or deeply (3-)5-7-lobed, pinnately or palmately veined.

Inflorescences

nearly sessile to short-pedunculate, 3-6 × 2-3 cm.

axillary or terminal, capitate or spicate to ± racemose, bracteate.

Flowers

calyx lobes persistent in fruit;

stamens (10-)22-34;

filaments 6-17 mm.

bisexual or unisexual;

perianth epigynous, 1-2-seriate, 4-5-merous, often reduced or absent, hypanthium present;

calyx persistent, 4-5(-7)-lobed, or absent;

petals distinct or absent;

stamens 4-34;

anthers basifixed, latrorse, 2-locular, longitudinally dehiscent by simple slit or by 1-2 vertical valves;

pistil 1, 2-carpellate;

ovary half-inferior, 2-locular;

placentation axile;

ovules 1(-2) in each locule and apical, or many, anatropous, pendent;

styles and stigmas persistent, 2 each, erect or contorted and recurved.

Fruits

capsular, with leathery exocarp and bony endocarp, loculicidal and 2-seeded or septicidal with most of many seeds per locule aborted; 1-2 viable seeds per locule (Liquidambar).

Capsules

5.5-13 mm.

Seeds

5-6(-8) mm, apex pointed.

fusiform, bony, lustrous, hilum apical, light colored, or seeds winged, hilum lateral (Liquidambar).

Fruiting

spikes 3.5-7 × 1.5-2.5 cm.

Dormant

buds naked or scaly.

2n

= 72.

Fothergilla major

Hamamelidaceae

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr–May).
Habitat Bluffs, dry rocky woodlands, talus slopes, riverbanks, upper piedmont to mountains
Elevation 150-1300 m (500-4300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; GA; NC; SC; TN
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[BONAP county map]
e North America; Mexico; Central America; Temperate to tropical regions; e Asia; Africa (including Madagascar); Pacific Islands; and Australia
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Discussion

The disjunct occurrence of Fothergilla major in Arkansas is a recent discovery.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera ca. 31, species ca. 100 (3 genera, 5 species in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Trees with simple hairs; leaf blade palmately (3-)5(-7)-lobed and - veined; flowers unisexual, terminal, the staminate in ± racemose heads, each head a clustered mass of numerous stamens, pistillate inflorescences many flowered; capsules septicidal, fused at base into long-pedunculate, globose, echinate heads; viable seeds winged, most seeds aborted.
Liquidambar
1. Shrubs or small trees with stellate pubescence; leaf blade unlobed, pinnately veined; flowers bisexual, in axillary, few-flowered clusters or in many-flowered, elongate spikes; capsules loculicidal, not fused into heads; viable seeds not winged.
→ 2
2. Inflorescences axillary, (1-)3(-5)-flowered clusters; calyx lobes 4, reflexed; petals 4, liguliform, yellow or reddish, deep red to orange; stamens 4, very short; staminodes 4; capsules solitary or 2-3 together.
Hamamelis
2. Inflorescences terminal, elongate, many-flowered spikes; calyx lobes 5-7(-9), erect; petals absent; stamens 12-34; filaments white, 4-17 mm; staminodes absent; capsules in groups of more than 3.
Fothergilla
Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3, p. 362. Author: Frederick G. Meyer.
Parent taxa Hamamelidaceae > Fothergilla
Sibling taxa
F. gardenii
Subordinate taxa
Fothergilla, Hamamelis, Liquidambar
Synonyms F. alnifolia var. major, F. monticola
Name authority (Sims) Sweet: Hort. Suburb. Lond., 124. (1818) R. Brown
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