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false mermaidweed, false-mermaid, floerkée fausse

meadowfoam family

Habit Plants (3–)5–30(–38) cm, herbage glabrous. Herbs, annual; glabrous or pubescent (not glandular; producing glucosinolates).
Stems

erect, decumbent, or sprawling; unbranched.

Leaves

petiole 0.5–4 cm;

rachis 2.5–5 mm;

leaflets 3–7, 7–12 × 1–3.5 mm, apex obtuse or acute.

alternate, simple or compound;

venation pinnate;

stipules absent;

petiole present;

blade margins entire or pinnately lobed, bipinnate, or ternate.

Inflorescences

axillary, flowers solitary;

bracts absent.

Pedicels

0.5–2 cm (± equal to subtending petiole at anthesis, elongating 1.5 times by fruit maturity).

present.

Flowers

sepals green, 5-nerved, 2–6 mm;

petals white, greenish white, or pale pink, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 1.4–2 mm;

filaments filiform, 1–1.5 mm;

anthers yellowish, broadly ellipsoid, 0.2–0.3 mm.

usually bisexual, usually actinomorphic, rotate;

perianth and androecium hypogynous;

sepals usually persistent, 3 or 5 (4 in Limnanthes macounii), distinct or slightly connate basally, equal or unequal;

petals same number as sepals, convolute in bud, distinct, equal;

nectary glands present;

stamens 3, 6, 8, or 10 (same or twice the number of sepals);

filaments distinct, glabrous;

anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits, introrse or extrorse, tetrasporangiate, pollen shed in single grains, binucleate, 2–4-aperturate, colpate or colporate;

disc absent;

gynophore absent;

pistil 1;

ovary 2–5-carpellate, syncarpous basally (united by gynobasic style);

placentation basal;

ovules 1 per locule, anatropous, unitegmic;

style 1 (gynobasic);

stigmas (2 or) 3–5 (dry, papillate).

Fruits

schizocarps (mericarps or nutlets), tuberculate, ridged, smooth, or rugulose.

Seeds

1;

not arillate;

endosperm absent.

Mericarps

green to brown, somewhat fleshy, 2–3.5 × 2–3 mm (often only 1 seed maturing per flower).

2n

= 10.

Floerkea proserpinacoides

Limnanthaceae

Phenology Flowering spring–early summer.
Habitat Floodplain forests, swamps, wet-mesic coniferous or broadleaf woods, alpine meadows, pastures, moist areas in sagebrush or desert washes
Elevation 50-2600(-3200) m (200-8500(-10500) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NS; ON; QC
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North America
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Discussion

The stems of Floerkea proserpinacoides have a spicy flavor and are eaten in salads. A flower of F. proserpinacoides is the logo for the Flora of North America project.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 2, species 8 (8 in the flora).

Placement of Limnanthaceae in Brassicales is supported by molecular and chemical data, especially the presence of mustard oils. Traditionally (A. Cronquist 1981), the family has been associated with the Geraniaceae in the Geraniales because of the similarity of habit and floral structure, especially the fruits that separate into mericarps, as do those in Geraniaceae.

Limnanthaceae are endemic to North America. The greatest diversity is in California, where most of the species of Limnanthes occur. Floerkea, with a single species, occurs widely across the continent; it is barely present in the southeastern United States.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Petals and sepals 3; petals shorter than sepals; stamens 3 or 6.
Floerkea
1. Petals and sepals (4 or) 5; petals usually longer than sepals; stamens 8 or 10.
Limnanthes
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 173. FNA vol. 7, p. 172. Author: Gordon C. Tucker.
Parent taxa Limnanthaceae > Floerkea
Subordinate taxa
Floerkea, Limnanthes
Synonyms Cabomba pinnata, Nectris pinnata
Name authority Willdenow: Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 449. (1801) R. Brown
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