Flaveria trinervia |
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cluster yellow tops |
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Habit | Annuals, to 200+ cm (delicate or robust, glabrate or glabrous). |
Stems | erect. |
Leaves | petiolate (proximal, petioles 10–20 mm) or sessile (distal); blades lanceolate or oblanceolate to elliptic or subovate, 30–150 × (7–)10–40 mm, bases (distal) connate, margins serrate, serrate-dentate, or spinulose-serrate. |
Involucres | oblong and cylindric or angular, 3.8–4.5 mm. |
Ray florets | 0–1; laminae pale yellow or whitish, oblique or suborbiculate, 0.5–1 mm. |
Disc florets | 0–1(–2); corolla tubes 0.5–1.4 mm, throats campanulate, 0.5–0.8 mm. |
Phyllaries | usually 2, oblong (closely investing and falling with mature cypselae). |
Calyculi | 0. |
Heads | 30–300+, in tight, axillary, sessile glomerules (receptacles of glomerules setose). |
Cypselae | oblanceoloid to subclavate, 2–2.6 mm (rays longer); pappi 0. |
2n | = 36. |
Flaveria trinervia |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Dec. |
Habitat | Near water, saline and gypseous areas |
Elevation | 0–1900 m (0–6200 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; FL; MA; MO; NM; TX; VA; HI; West Indies; Central America (British Honduras); South America (Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela); Africa [Probably introduced in Asia (India, Middle East)]
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Discussion | Flaveria trinervia is widespread and weedy; it often occurs in saline, gypseous, disturbed areas near permanent or ephemeral water sources in southern Florida and from Texas to southern California. It occurs also in scattered locations in some eastern states and has been reported from Alabama. The heads of Flaveria trinervia, which usually contain just one floret, are either radiate or discoid; radiate heads tend to occur on the periphery of setose glomerules. Reduction of some of the floral features, including number of florets [0–1(–2)], phyllaries per head (2), and size of ray laminae, suggest that F. trinervia may be the most derived species in the genus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 250. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Flaveriinae > Flaveria |
Sibling taxa | |
Synonyms | Odera trinervia |
Name authority | (Sprengel) C. Mohr: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 6: 810. (1901) |
Web links |