Flaveria bidentis
Flaveria trinervia
coastal plain yellowtops
cluster yellow tops
erect.
erect.
petiolate (proximal, petioles 3–15 mm) or sessile (distal);
blades lanceolate-elliptic, 50–120(–180) × 10–25(–70) mm, bases (distal) connate, margins serrate or spinulose serrate.
petiolate (proximal, petioles 10–20 mm) or sessile (distal);
blades lanceolate or oblanceolate to elliptic or subovate, 30–150 × (7–)10–40 mm, bases (distal) connate, margins serrate, serrate-dentate, or spinulose-serrate.
oblong-angular, 5 mm.
oblong and cylindric or angular, 3.8–4.5 mm.
0 or 1;
laminae pale yellow, ovate-oblique, to 1 mm (not or barely surpassing phyllaries).
0–1;
laminae pale yellow or whitish, oblique or suborbiculate, 0.5–1 mm.
(2–)3–8;
corolla tubes ca. 0.8 mm, throats funnelform, 0.8 mm.
0–1(–2);
corolla tubes 0.5–1.4 mm, throats campanulate, 0.5–0.8 mm.
3(–4), oblong.
usually 2, oblong (closely investing and falling with mature cypselae).
of 1–2 linear bractlets 1–2 mm.
0.
20–100+ in tight subglomerules in scorpioid, cymiform arrays.
30–300+, in tight, axillary, sessile glomerules (receptacles of glomerules setose).
oblanceolate or subclavate, 2–2.5 mm (those of ray florets longer);
pappi 0.
oblanceoloid to subclavate, 2–2.6 mm (rays longer);
pappi 0.
= 36.
= 36.
Flaveria bidentis
Flaveria trinervia
In the United States, Flaveria bidentis often occurs on ballast and waste ground near wharfs and the shore, locations that suggest its introduction from sailing vessels. The species is widespread and well established in South America, where it is thought to be native. Its floral structure appears to be the least advanced among the annual species of Flaveria, the heads being in somewhat scorpioid arrays. Distinguishing characteristics are 3(–4) phyllaries, 2–8 florets per head, reduced ray corollas, pubescent stems, and lanceolate-elliptic, bluish green, sometimes pubescent leaves. Flaveria bidentis is probably most closely related to F. campestris and F. trinervia.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Flaveria trinervia is widespread and weedy; it often occurs in saline, gypseous, disturbed areas near permanent or ephemeral water sources in southern Florida and from Texas to southern California. It occurs also in scattered locations in some eastern states and has been reported from Alabama.
The heads of Flaveria trinervia, which usually contain just one floret, are either radiate or discoid; radiate heads tend to occur on the periphery of setose glomerules. Reduction of some of the floral features, including number of florets [0–1(–2)], phyllaries per head (2), and size of ray laminae, suggest that F. trinervia may be the most derived species in the genus.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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