Flaveria bidentis
Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae subtribe Flaveriinae
coastal plain yellowtops
erect.
petiolate (proximal, petioles 3–15 mm) or sessile (distal);
blades lanceolate-elliptic, 50–120(–180) × 10–25(–70) mm, bases (distal) connate, margins serrate or spinulose serrate.
cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile;
blades (1- or 3-nerved) oblong, oblong-ovate, lanceolate, linear, or filiform, margins entire or toothed, faces glabrous, glabrescent, or puberulent.
oblong-angular, 5 mm.
campanulate, cylindric, obconic, turbinate, or urceolate.
flat to convex, epaleate.
0 or 1;
laminae pale yellow, ovate-oblique, to 1 mm (not or barely surpassing phyllaries).
0, or 1–6, pistillate, fertile;
corollas yellow.
(2–)3–8;
corolla tubes ca. 0.8 mm, throats funnelform, 0.8 mm.
1–60[–100+], bisexual, fertile;
corollas yellow, tubes shorter than or about equaling the funnelform to campanulate throats, lobes 5, deltate;
anther thecae pale;
stigmatic papillae in 2 lines.
3(–4), oblong.
persistent, 2–8 in ± 1 series (distinct, linear to oblong, subequal, ± succulent to membranous or scarious).
of 1–2 linear bractlets 1–2 mm.
0 or of 1–2 bractlets.
20–100+ in tight subglomerules in scorpioid, cymiform arrays.
radiate or discoid, in glomerules or corymbiform to paniculiform arrays.
oblanceolate or subclavate, 2–2.5 mm (those of ray florets longer);
pappi 0.
cylindric to clavate or ± compresssed, linear-oblong to oblanceolate, 10–15-ribbed, glabrous or hairy;
pappi 0, or persistent, coroniform, or of 2–5 ovate, scarious scales, or of 20–25+ unequal bristles, or of 5 scales plus 5 bristles (all in 1 series, sometimes connate).
= 36.
Flaveria bidentis
Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae subtribe Flaveriinae
In the United States, Flaveria bidentis often occurs on ballast and waste ground near wharfs and the shore, locations that suggest its introduction from sailing vessels. The species is widespread and well established in South America, where it is thought to be native. Its floral structure appears to be the least advanced among the annual species of Flaveria, the heads being in somewhat scorpioid arrays. Distinguishing characteristics are 3(–4) phyllaries, 2–8 florets per head, reduced ray corollas, pubescent stems, and lanceolate-elliptic, bluish green, sometimes pubescent leaves. Flaveria bidentis is probably most closely related to F. campestris and F. trinervia.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Genera 3, species 27 (3 genera, 10 species in the flora).
As noted by H. Robinson (1981), traditionally, Flaveria and Sartwellia were treated in Helenieae, Haploësthes in Senecioneae.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Disc florets 18–30(–60); pappi of 20–25+ bristles | Haploësthes |
1. Disc florets 1–15; pappi 0, or coroniform, or wholly or partly of scales | → 2 |
2. Ray florets 3–5; pappi of 5 erose scales alternating with 5 setiform scales or bristles (sometimes all 10 elements basally connate) | Sartwellia |
2. Ray florets 0 or 1; pappi 0, or coroniform, or of 2–4 hyaline scales | Flaveria |
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