Fissidens subbasilaris |
Fissidens grandifrons |
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fissidens moss |
largeleaf fissidens moss |
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Habit | Plants to 12 × 1.5–3.5 mm. | Plants to 100 × 3.5 mm wide. |
Stem | branched; axillary hyaline nodules absent; central strand present. |
usually profusely branched; axillary hyaline nodules present; central strand absent. |
Leaves | as many as 28 pairs, sometimes ± undulate, oblong, obtuse-apiculate to acute, to 2.4 × 0.3–0.4 mm; dorsal lamina narrowed proximally, ending before or at insertion; vaginant laminae 1/2–2/3 leaf length, acute, ± unequal, minor lamina ending near margin; margin evenly crenulate-serrulate but irregularly serrate distally; costa ending 6–16 cells before apex, covered and obscured above by chlorophyllose cells, taxifolius-type; lamina cells irregularly 2-stratose, smooth, bulging, firm-walled, irregularly rounded-hexagonal, 7.5–10 µm. Sexual condition gonioautoicous and cladautoicous; perigonia gemmiform, axillary, and on short branches; perichaetia on short axillary branches near proximal ends of stem. |
in as many as 60 or more pairs, lanceolate, obtuse to rounded, to 3 × 0.5 mm; dorsal lamina narrowed proximally, ending at insertion; vaginant laminae 1/2–2/3 leaf length, acute, equal; margin ± entire to crenulate, elimbate; costa usually difficult to discern, ending a few cells before apex, variable in structure, basically taxifolius-type; lamina cells 1- to 4-stratose at leaf margin, 2- to pluristratose in interior of dorsal and ventral laminae, 1- to 4-stratose in vaginant laminae, smooth, ± plain, quadrate to hexagonal, 7–13 µm long. |
Seta | 1.5–5.5 mm. |
13–19 mm. |
Sexual condition | dioicous (?); perigonia not seen; perichaetia on short axillary branches in medial leaves. |
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Capsule | theca 0.8–2.1 mm, erect, radially symmetric or nearly so; peristome taxifolius-type; operculum long rostrate, 0.6–0.9 mm. |
theca slightly arcuate, bilaterally symmetric, astomatose, exothecial cells quadrate to oblong, vertical walls thicker than horizontal walls, 1.5–2 mm; peristome taxifolius-type. |
Calyptra | cucullate, smooth, 1.5 mm. |
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Spores | 13–18 µm. |
20–23 µm. |
Sporophytes | 1 per perichaetium. |
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Fissidens subbasilaris |
Fissidens grandifrons |
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Habitat | Particularly around bases of trees, also rocks, mostly limestone, infrequently decaying wood | Submerged in rapidly running water in calcareous sites |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON; QC; Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; ID; IL; KY; MI; MO; MT; NY; OR; TN; UT; VA; WA; WY; AB; BC; ON; Mexico; Central America; Europe; Asia
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Discussion | Fissidens subbasilaris is distinguished, even in the field, by a costa obscured by chlorophyllose cells distally, and short perichaetial branches in the axils of proximal leaves. The plants are typically dark-green and often tinged with red. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Fissidens grandifrons is the only species in the flora area with pluristratose laminal cells. It is a robust aquatic species, usually coarse to the touch. The plants are often brown-black, the result of deposition of organic matter. Reproduction in North America, where sporophytes have never been found, is by vegetative means. According to E. J. Hill (1902), multiplication is by small, radiculose branches that are easily detached in the rapidly running streams. Although the gametophyte of F. grandifrons is specialized to an aquatic habitat (thick, lanceolate leaves and long archegonia; Z. Iwatsuki and T. Suzuki 1982; R. A. Pursell and B. H. Allen 1994), the species has retained a distinctly terrestrial type of sporophyte. The description of the sporophyte given here is based on three specimens: Lai 8699 (NY) and Lin 12831 (NICH) from Taiwan; and Higuchi 20161 (NICH) from Pakistan. A. J. Grout (1943) stated that the operculum is “conic-rostrate, about 1 mm long,” and Iwatsuki and Suzuki reported that the calyptra is “cucullate, about 1.6 mm long, smooth.” (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 342. | FNA vol. 27, p. 343. |
Parent taxa | Fissidentaceae > Fissidens | Fissidentaceae > Fissidens |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Pachyfissidens grandifrons | |
Name authority | Hedwig: Sp. Musc. Frond., 155, plate 39, figs. 6–9. (1801) | Bridel: Muscol. Recent., suppl. 1: 170. (1806) |
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