Fimbristylis vahlii |
Fimbristylis miliacea |
|
---|---|---|
Vahl's fimbristylis, Vahl's fimbry |
|
|
Habit | Plants annual, cespitose, delicate, 4–15 cm, bases soft; rhizomes absent. | Plants annual, cespitose, 15–50(–70) cm, glabrous, base soft; rhizomes absent. |
Leaves | polystichous, mostly spreading or excurved, often exceeding culms; sheaths entire, abaxially smooth or sparsely hirtellous; ligule absent; blades filiform, to 0.5 mm wide, somewhat involute, abaxially glabrous or ascending-strigillose. |
distichous, in fans, to ca. 2/3 plant height; sheaths keeled, equitant, margins entire; ligule absent; blades bifacial (flattened in same plane as sheath), narrowly triangularlinear, to 2 mm wide, margins scabrid at least distally. |
Inflorescences | terminal; spikelets sessile or subsessile in single capitate leafy-involucrate cluster; scapes filiform; involucral bracts leafy, setaceous, greatly overtopping inflorescence. |
anthela compound, usually diffuse, branched, broadening upward, often as broad as long; scapes slender, angularly ribbed and/or somewhat compressed distally, 1–1.5 mm wide or thick; involucral bracts exceeded by anthela. |
Spikelets | greenish, cylindric to lanceoloid-cylindric, 5–10 mm; fertile scales narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 1–1.5 mm, acute, glabrous, midrib strong, excurrent as cusp. |
dark red-brown, broadly ovoid to near round, 2–4 min; fertile scales broadly ovate to orbiculate, 1 mm, glabrous, apex broadly rounded, midrib not excurrent. |
Flowers | stamens 1; styles 2-fid, slender, bulbous-based, smooth or papillate. |
stamens 1–2; styles 3-fid, slender, base dilated, apex pubescent. |
Achenes | pale, tumidly obovoid, 0.5–0.7 mm, cancellate, pits horizontally rectangular in 5–7 vertical rows per side. |
pale brown, tumid, obovoid, 1 mm, apiculate, reticulate, with pits narrowly rectangular in 4–6 vertical rows per side, the longitudinal ribs most prominent and mostly warty. |
2n | = 20. |
= 10. |
Fimbristylis vahlii |
Fimbristylis miliacea |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall. | Fruiting summer–fall, all year southward. |
Habitat | Moist to wet, alluvial or mineralized banks, shores, fluctuating pond and lake edges, often a “drawdown” plant around stock tanks and reservoirs | Moist to wet sands and alluvia of open river and stream bottoms, low fields, drawdowns, shores, flatwoods, savanna, seeps, and open disturbed waste places |
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NE; OK; SC; TN; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America
|
AL; AR; FL; GA; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; Asia; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Ocean Islands; Australia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Fimbristylis miliacea is another widespread annual weed whose origin is probably in the Asian rice belt. Two Linnaean types bear the epithet “miliacea.” A good argument exists that Vahl, first to adopt the plant as a Fimbristylis, took the round-spikeleted element as F. miliacea; the other, ovoid, acute-spikeleted element thus became F. quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth. Because Gaudichaud’s epithet “littoralis” was not applied to the complex until 1826, it is invalidated in any case. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 127. | FNA vol. 23, p. 131. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Scirpus vahlii, F. apus, F. congesta, F. vincentii, Isolepis vahlii, Scirpus apus | Scirpus miliaceus, F. littoralis, Isolepis miliacea, Scirpus bengalensis, Trichelostylis miliacea |
Name authority | (Lamarck) Link: Hort. Berol. 1: 287. (1827) | (Linnaeus) Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 287. (1805) |
Web links |