Fimbristylis thermalis |
Fimbristylis dichotoma |
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hot springs fimbristylis, hot springs fimbry |
fork fimbry |
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Habit | Plants perennial, robust, 50–150 cm, cespitose or with culms solitary; rhizomes scaly, slender, elongate. | Plants perennial, cespitose, (10–) 20–80 cm, base thickened, not bulbous; rhizomes absent. |
Leaves | nearly distichous, spreading to ascending, 1/2 length of culms; sheath margins entire, backs smooth to pubescent; ligule present, complete; blades narrowly linear, proximally flat, 2–3.5(–4) mm wide, margins scabrid-ciliate, abaxial surface sometimes pubescent. |
nearly distichous, spreading to ascending, 1/2 length of culms; sheaths distally ciliate, backs mostly glabrous; ligule line of short hairs; blades narrowly linear, 2–3 mm wide, flat to broadly involute, scabridciliate, adaxially smooth or hirtellous. |
Inflorescences | anthelae simple or compound, longer than wide; scapes wandlike, nearly terete or slightly compressed, distally 1 mm thick, marginal ribs scabrid; longest primary involucral bract shorter than panicle. |
anthelae compound, dense or open, ascending-branched, longer than broad; scapes slender, 1 mm wide, slightly compressed distally; proximalmost involucral bract exceeding anthela. |
Spikelets | pale dull brown, lance-ovoid to cylindric-ellipsoid, 10–12 mm; fertile scales ovate, 3.5–4 mm, apex broadly acute, ciliate, surface uniformly puberulent, midrib excurrent as mucro or cusp. |
pale drab brown to chestnut brown, ovoid-lanceoloid, 4–8 mm; fertile scales broadly oblong or ovate, 2 mm, acute to obtuse angled, glabrous, midrib reaching scale tip or excurrent, finely mucronate. |
Flowers | stamens 3; styles 2-fid, flat, fimbriate. |
stamens 1–2; styles 2-fid, flat, fimbriate. |
Achenes | dark brown, lenticular-obovoid, 1.5 mm, finely cancellate, with 20 or more longitudinal rows of horizontally rectangular pits per side. |
white to brownish, lenticular, obovoid, 1–1.2 mm, cancellate, each face longitudinally with (5–)10–12 ribs, connected by vertical rows of horizontally rectangular pits. |
2n | = 20. |
= 20, 30. |
Fimbristylis thermalis |
Fimbristylis dichotoma |
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Phenology | Fruiting spring–fall. | Fruiting summer–fall, into winter southward. |
Habitat | Mineralized sands of hot springs, alkaline seep meadows | Moist, usually sandy waste areas, roadsides, low fields, and savannas |
Elevation | 300–600 m (1000–2000 ft) | 0–200 m (to 2000 m, tropics) (0–700 ft (to 6600 ft, tropics)) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Coahuila)
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands; Indian Ocean Islands; West Indies; Africa; Eurasia; Bermuda; Australia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Fimbristylis dichotoma is found in temperate to tropical regions worldwide. It is one of the most widespread and weedy species of Fimbristylis, unquestionably with many races and forms. The two commonest forms in the United States often occur in mixed populations, one sort with inflorescence branches more ascending, inflorescence dense, habit lower, and leaves broader; the other sort usually taller, inflorescence more sparse, branches more widely spreading, and leaves more ascending and narrower. The abundance of such plants both in regions where rice originated and in regions where rice is, or was, introduced, indicates an Asian origin for such weeds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 124. | FNA vol. 23, p. 125. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Scirpus dichotomus, F. annua var. diphylla, F. brizoides, F. diphylla subsp. diffusa, F. glauca, F. polymorpha, Scirpus diphyllus | |
Name authority | S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 360. (1871) | (Linnaeus) Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 287. (1805) |
Web links |