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ditch fimbry

annual fimbry

Habit Plants annual, cespitose, 10–35(–40) cm, glabrous; rhizomes absent. Plants annual, cespitose, 5–50 cm, base soft; rhizomes absent.
Leaves

polystichous, mostly spreading to ascending;

sheath margins entire;

ligule present, complete;

blades narrowly linear, to 1 mm wide, flat to shallowly involute, margins distantly scabrid, surface glabrous.

nearly distichous, 1/2 to equal length of culms;

sheaths bristlyciliate apically, backs glabrous or hirtellous;

ligule present, complete;

blades narrowly linear, 1–1.5(–2) mm wide, flat to shallowly involute, margins ciliate-scabrid, adaxial and abaxial surfaces glabrous or pubescent.

Inflorescences

spikelets 1, terminal or 2–3 in simple anthela longer than broad, laterals subsessile;

scapes narrowly linear, coarsely ribbed, distally compressed;

involucral bracts usually 1 per spikelet, exceeding or exceeded by it.

anthelae simple or compound, mostly open, diffuse, ascending-branched, longer than broad;

scapes slender, 1 mm thick, angular;

proximalmost involucral bract longer or shorter than anthela.

Spikelets

yellowish, mostly turgidly ovoid, 5–8 mm;

fertile scales broadly ovate, 2–3 mm, apex obtuse, entire, midrib excurrent or not.

tan to brown or redbrown, ovoid to lance-ovoid, 3–8 mm;

fertile scales broadly oblong to ovate, 2 mm, acute to obtuse-angled, smooth, midrib reaching apex or excurrent as mucro.

Flowers

stamens 3, styles 2-fid, flattened, fimbriate.

stamens 1(–2);

styles 2-fid, flat, fimbriate.

Achenes

near white to pale brown, lenticular-obovoid to obpyriform, 2 mm, appearing smooth under 10–20X magnification, under higher power finely longitudinally ribbed, with fine, isodiametric pits in vertical lines.

white to brown, often iridescent, lenticular or obovoid to pyriform-obovoid, 1 mm, cancellate, with 5–12 longitudinal ribs per side, alternating with as many rows of horizontally rectangular pits;

warts of achene more usually distributed, or achene (rarely) smooth.

2n

= 10.

= 30.

Fimbristylis schoenoides

Fimbristylis annua

Phenology Fruiting summer–fall, all year in south. Fruiting summer–fall, all year southward.
Habitat Moist sands or sandy peats of roadsides, ditches, flatwoods clearings, savanna, and particularly, disturbed low, open areas Various moist to wet substrates, often on exposed, recently disturbed soils around or in shallow temporary pools in outcrops, in savannas, fields, and paddies
Elevation 1–100 m (0–300 ft) 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; tropical Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; Mexico; Central America; South America; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands; Indian Ocean Islands; West Indies; Africa; Eurasia; Bermuda; Australia
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Fimbristylis schoenoides is an unusual Fimbristylis for us, with a smooth, “eleocharis-like” appearance. The plants are mostly low and spreading-culmed, glabrous annuals of Asian origin.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The extensive, yet incomplete, synonymy above partly illustrates the polymorphic nature of Fimbristylis annua, there being many “stabilized” morphs in specialized habitats and much exchange of achenes mixed with grass seeds (particularly rice).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 124. FNA vol. 23, p. 126.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis
Sibling taxa
F. annua, F. autumnalis, F. brevivaginata, F. caroliniana, F. castanea, F. cymosa, F. decipiens, F. dichotoma, F. miliacea, F. perpusilla, F. puberula, F. squarrosa, F. thermalis, F. tomentosa, F. vahlii
F. autumnalis, F. brevivaginata, F. caroliniana, F. castanea, F. cymosa, F. decipiens, F. dichotoma, F. miliacea, F. perpusilla, F. puberula, F. schoenoides, F. squarrosa, F. thermalis, F. tomentosa, F. vahlii
Synonyms Scirpus schoenoides, F. inconstans Scirpus annuus, F. alamosana, F. arenicola, F. baldwiniana, F. darlingtoniana, F. diphylla var. tomentosa, F. hirtella, F. holwayana, F. serratula, F. verrucosa, Scirpus baldwinianus, Scirpus depauperatus, Scirpus elliottii, Scirpus sulcatus
Name authority (Retzius) Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 286. (1805) (Allioni) Roemer & Schultes: in J. J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 2: 95. (1817)
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