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hairy fimbry

Habit Plants perennial, mostly loosely cespitose, to 100 cm, bases swollen; rhizomes short, knotty, or scaly, slender, contorted. Plants annual, cespitose, 15–50(–70) cm, glabrous, base soft; rhizomes absent.
Culms

sometimes solitary, narrowly linear, distally angular, glabrous.

Leaves

ascending, from 1/3 as long to equally as long as culms, glabrous to pubescent;

sheaths apically ciliate;

ligule essentially absent or (in rhizomatous individuals) present, complete or incomplete;

blades narrowly linear, 1–2 mm wide, mostly strongly involute, scabrid-ciliate.

distichous, in fans, to ca. 2/3 plant height;

sheaths keeled, equitant, margins entire;

ligule absent;

blades bifacial (flattened in same plane as sheath), narrowly triangularlinear, to 2 mm wide, margins scabrid at least distally.

Inflorescences

anthelae simple or compound, compact or diffuse, mostly broad, ascending-branching;

scapes slender, wandlike, 1 mm thick;

lower leafy involucral bracts exceeded by or exceeding panicle.

anthela compound, usually diffuse, branched, broadening upward, often as broad as long;

scapes slender, angularly ribbed and/or somewhat compressed distally, 1–1.5 mm wide or thick;

involucral bracts exceeded by anthela.

Spikelets

variously red-brown, broadly ovoid to lance-cylindric, 5–10 mm;

fertile scales broadly ovate, obtuse or obtuse-angled, 2.5–3.5 mm, abaxially glabrous or variously puberulent, midrib excurrent as mucro.

dark red-brown, broadly ovoid to near round, 2–4 min;

fertile scales broadly ovate to orbiculate, 1 mm, glabrous, apex broadly rounded, midrib not excurrent.

Flowers

stamens 3;

styles 2-fid, flat, fimbriate.

stamens 1–2;

styles 3-fid, slender, base dilated, apex pubescent.

Achenes

yellowish to dark brown, lenticular-obovoid, 1 mm, with 11–20 vertical lines of horizontally rectangular or isodiametric, distinct or indistinct pits.

pale brown, tumid, obovoid, 1 mm, apiculate, reticulate, with pits narrowly rectangular in 4–6 vertical rows per side, the longitudinal ribs most prominent and mostly warty.

2n

= 20.

= 10.

Fimbristylis puberula

Fimbristylis miliacea

Phenology Fruiting summer–fall, all year southward.
Habitat Moist to wet sands and alluvia of open river and stream bottoms, low fields, drawdowns, shores, flatwoods, savanna, seeps, and open disturbed waste places
Elevation 0–200 m (0–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; ON
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from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; Asia; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Ocean Islands; Australia [Introduced in North America]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Fimbristylis miliacea is another widespread annual weed whose origin is probably in the Asian rice belt. Two Linnaean types bear the epithet “miliacea.” A good argument exists that Vahl, first to adopt the plant as a Fimbristylis, took the round-spikeleted element as F. miliacea; the other, ovoid, acute-spikeleted element thus became F. quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth.

Because Gaudichaud’s epithet “littoralis” was not applied to the complex until 1826, it is invalidated in any case.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Culm bases swollen, knotty, closely joined forming short thick, knotty rhizomes; leaves and sheaths totally pubescent or glabrous; ligule absent or incomplete; backs of involucral sheaths and fertile scales puberulent at least distally.
var. puberula
1. Culm bases not swollen, producing several slender, scaly, orange rhizomes; leaves and sheaths mostly glabrous; ligule present, mostly complete; involucral sheaths and fertile scales usually smooth.
var. interior
Source FNA vol. 23. FNA vol. 23, p. 131.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis
Sibling taxa
F. annua, F. autumnalis, F. brevivaginata, F. caroliniana, F. castanea, F. cymosa, F. decipiens, F. dichotoma, F. miliacea, F. perpusilla, F. schoenoides, F. squarrosa, F. thermalis, F. tomentosa, F. vahlii
F. annua, F. autumnalis, F. brevivaginata, F. caroliniana, F. castanea, F. cymosa, F. decipiens, F. dichotoma, F. perpusilla, F. puberula, F. schoenoides, F. squarrosa, F. thermalis, F. tomentosa, F. vahlii
Subordinate taxa
F. puberula var. interior, F. puberula var. puberula
Synonyms Scirpus puberulus Scirpus miliaceus, F. littoralis, Isolepis miliacea, Scirpus bengalensis, Trichelostylis miliacea
Name authority (Michaux) Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 289. (1805) (Linnaeus) Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 287. (1805)
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