Fimbristylis dichotoma |
Fimbristylis autumnalis |
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fork fimbry |
fimbristyle d'automme, slender fimbry |
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Habit | Plants perennial, cespitose, (10–) 20–80 cm, base thickened, not bulbous; rhizomes absent. | Plants annual, cespitose, 5–20(–30) cm, glabrous, plant base soft; rhizomes absent. |
Leaves | nearly distichous, spreading to ascending, 1/2 length of culms; sheaths distally ciliate, backs mostly glabrous; ligule line of short hairs; blades narrowly linear, 2–3 mm wide, flat to broadly involute, scabridciliate, adaxially smooth or hirtellous. |
distichous, shorter or longer than culms; sheaths keeled, entire or distally ciliate; ligule of short hairs complete; blades narrowly linear, 1–3 mm wide, flat, margin scabrid-ciliate. |
Inflorescence(s) | anthelae compound, dense or open, ascending-branched, longer than broad; scapes slender, 1 mm wide, slightly compressed distally; proximalmost involucral bract exceeding anthela. |
anthelae compound, mostly diffuse, mostly turbinate, as broad as long, ascending-branching; scapes filiform to linear, distally variously compressed, sometimes alate, 0.5–1.5(–2) mm wide, edges scabrid; primary involucral bract usually 1, blade exceeding or exceeded by anthela. |
Spikelets | pale drab brown to chestnut brown, ovoid-lanceoloid, 4–8 mm; fertile scales broadly oblong or ovate, 2 mm, acute to obtuse angled, glabrous, midrib reaching scale tip or excurrent, finely mucronate. |
red-brown or brown, mostly narrowly lanceoloid to narrowly ellipsoid, 3–7 mm; fertile scales lanceolate, keeled, 1.5–2 mm, narrowly acute, glabrous, midrib excurrent as mucro. |
Flowers | stamens 1–2; styles 2-fid, flat, fimbriate. |
stamens (1–)2; styles 3-fid, slender, with 3angled base, glabrous. |
Achenes | white to brownish, lenticular, obovoid, 1–1.2 mm, cancellate, each face longitudinally with (5–)10–12 ribs, connected by vertical rows of horizontally rectangular pits. |
pale brown, trigonous-obovoid, 0.5–0.7 mm, apiculate and 3-ribbed, smooth to variably warty. |
2n | = 20, 30. |
= 10. |
Fimbristylis dichotoma |
Fimbristylis autumnalis |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall, into winter southward. | Fruiting summer–fall, all year southward. |
Habitat | Moist, usually sandy waste areas, roadsides, low fields, and savannas | Moist to wet sands, peats, silts, or clays, primarily of disturbed, sunny ground such as seeps, ditches, savanna, stream banks, reservoir drawdowns, and pond shores |
Elevation | 0–200 m (to 2000 m, tropics) (0–700 ft (to 6600 ft, tropics)) | 0–500(–1000) m (0–1600(–3300) ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands; Indian Ocean Islands; West Indies; Africa; Eurasia; Bermuda; Australia [Introduced in North America]
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; ON; QC
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Discussion | Fimbristylis dichotoma is found in temperate to tropical regions worldwide. It is one of the most widespread and weedy species of Fimbristylis, unquestionably with many races and forms. The two commonest forms in the United States often occur in mixed populations, one sort with inflorescence branches more ascending, inflorescence dense, habit lower, and leaves broader; the other sort usually taller, inflorescence more sparse, branches more widely spreading, and leaves more ascending and narrower. The abundance of such plants both in regions where rice originated and in regions where rice is, or was, introduced, indicates an Asian origin for such weeds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 125. | FNA vol. 23, p. 130. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Scirpus dichotomus, F. annua var. diphylla, F. brizoides, F. diphylla subsp. diffusa, F. glauca, F. polymorpha, Scirpus diphyllus | Scirpus autumnalis, F. autumnalis var. mucronulata, F. frankii, Scirpus michauxii, Scirpus mucronulatus, Trichelostylis geminata, Trichelostylis mucronulata |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 287. (1805) | (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes: in J. J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 2: 97. (1817) |
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