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hurricanegrass

woolly fimbry

Habit Plants perennial, cespitose, (5–)10–60 cm, bases hard, glabrous; rhizomes absent. Plants annual, cespitose, to 75 cm; rhizomes absent.
Leaves

polystichous, mostly spreading-excurved, to 1/2 as long as culms;

sheaths usually entire;

ligule absent;

blades linear, 2–3 mm wide, flat or shallowly involute, margin scabrid, apex blunt.

nearly distichous, ascending, 1/2–3/4 length of culms;

sheath margins ciliolate, adaxial surface sparsely to copiously hirtellous distally;

ligule present, complete;

blades narrowly linear, 2–4(–5) mm wide, flat to shallowly involute, margins ciliate-scabrid, abaxial surface pilose-hirsute.

Inflorescences

simple or compound anthelae with numerous small pedunculate clusters of sessile spikelets;

scapes linear, distally terete, 1–2 mm thick;

involucral bracts short, usually shorter than inflorescence.

anthelae compound, ascending-branched, longer than broad;

scapes distally oval or flattened, glabrous to pubescent;

longest involucral bract exceeding anthela.

Spikelets

greenish brown or yellow-brown, ovoid, 2–3 mm;

fertile scales broadly ovate, 1–1.5 mm, obtuse or apically notched, midrib not excurrent.

rusty brown, lanceoloid, 4–6 mm;

fertile scales broadly ovate to nearly orbiculate, 2–3 mm, broadly acute, midrib excurrent as mucro or cusp.

Flowers

stamens usually 1;

styles 2-fid, slender, glabrous.

stamens 2;

styles 2-fid, flat, fimbriate.

Achenes

dark brown to nearly black, tumidly obovoid, rarely obscurely 3-ribbed, 1 mm, faintly striate to variously warty, faintly reticulate.

pale to dark brown with pale umbo, lenticular-obpyriform, 1.7–2 mm, finely pitted, appearing nearly smooth, the pits in at least 20 narrow vertical rows per face.

2n

= 56.

= 10.

Fimbristylis cymosa

Fimbristylis tomentosa

Phenology Fruiting all year. Fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat Sands of sea beaches, brackish sandy open sites, often disturbed, commonly just in from mangrove or on sandy road shoulders Moist to wet sands, silts or peats of low fields, clearings, waste areas, stream and pond banks, very weedy in ricelands
Elevation 0–50 m (0–200 ft) 0–200 m (0–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; s Mexico; Central America; South America; Africa; Asia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; Asia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

New World examples of Fimbristylis cymosa are almost exclusively bicarpellate, with bifid styles; Old World Oceania examples are tricarpellate, with trifid styles, a form not covered in this treatment.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Fimbristylis tomentosa apparently was introduced with early rice culture and is rapidly expanding its range.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 128. FNA vol. 23, p. 124.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis
Sibling taxa
F. annua, F. autumnalis, F. brevivaginata, F. caroliniana, F. castanea, F. decipiens, F. dichotoma, F. miliacea, F. perpusilla, F. puberula, F. schoenoides, F. squarrosa, F. thermalis, F. tomentosa, F. vahlii
F. annua, F. autumnalis, F. brevivaginata, F. caroliniana, F. castanea, F. cymosa, F. decipiens, F. dichotoma, F. miliacea, F. perpusilla, F. puberula, F. schoenoides, F. squarrosa, F. thermalis, F. vahlii
Synonyms F. melanospora, F. obtusifolia, F. sintenisii, F. spathacea, Scirpus obtusifolius F. diphylla var. pluristriata, F. podocarpa
Name authority R. Brown: Prodr., 228. (1810) Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 290. (1805)
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