Fimbristylis cymosa |
Fimbristylis tomentosa |
|
---|---|---|
hurricanegrass |
woolly fimbry |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, cespitose, (5–)10–60 cm, bases hard, glabrous; rhizomes absent. | Plants annual, cespitose, to 75 cm; rhizomes absent. |
Leaves | polystichous, mostly spreading-excurved, to 1/2 as long as culms; sheaths usually entire; ligule absent; blades linear, 2–3 mm wide, flat or shallowly involute, margin scabrid, apex blunt. |
nearly distichous, ascending, 1/2–3/4 length of culms; sheath margins ciliolate, adaxial surface sparsely to copiously hirtellous distally; ligule present, complete; blades narrowly linear, 2–4(–5) mm wide, flat to shallowly involute, margins ciliate-scabrid, abaxial surface pilose-hirsute. |
Inflorescences | simple or compound anthelae with numerous small pedunculate clusters of sessile spikelets; scapes linear, distally terete, 1–2 mm thick; involucral bracts short, usually shorter than inflorescence. |
anthelae compound, ascending-branched, longer than broad; scapes distally oval or flattened, glabrous to pubescent; longest involucral bract exceeding anthela. |
Spikelets | greenish brown or yellow-brown, ovoid, 2–3 mm; fertile scales broadly ovate, 1–1.5 mm, obtuse or apically notched, midrib not excurrent. |
rusty brown, lanceoloid, 4–6 mm; fertile scales broadly ovate to nearly orbiculate, 2–3 mm, broadly acute, midrib excurrent as mucro or cusp. |
Flowers | stamens usually 1; styles 2-fid, slender, glabrous. |
stamens 2; styles 2-fid, flat, fimbriate. |
Achenes | dark brown to nearly black, tumidly obovoid, rarely obscurely 3-ribbed, 1 mm, faintly striate to variously warty, faintly reticulate. |
pale to dark brown with pale umbo, lenticular-obpyriform, 1.7–2 mm, finely pitted, appearing nearly smooth, the pits in at least 20 narrow vertical rows per face. |
2n | = 56. |
= 10. |
Fimbristylis cymosa |
Fimbristylis tomentosa |
|
Phenology | Fruiting all year. | Fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Sands of sea beaches, brackish sandy open sites, often disturbed, commonly just in from mangrove or on sandy road shoulders | Moist to wet sands, silts or peats of low fields, clearings, waste areas, stream and pond banks, very weedy in ricelands |
Elevation | 0–50 m (0–200 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
FL; s Mexico; Central America; South America; Africa; Asia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia |
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; Asia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | New World examples of Fimbristylis cymosa are almost exclusively bicarpellate, with bifid styles; Old World Oceania examples are tricarpellate, with trifid styles, a form not covered in this treatment. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Fimbristylis tomentosa apparently was introduced with early rice culture and is rapidly expanding its range. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 128. | FNA vol. 23, p. 124. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | F. melanospora, F. obtusifolia, F. sintenisii, F. spathacea, Scirpus obtusifolius | F. diphylla var. pluristriata, F. podocarpa |
Name authority | R. Brown: Prodr., 228. (1810) | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 290. (1805) |
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