Fimbristylis cymosa |
Fimbristylis squarrosa |
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hurricanegrass |
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Habit | Plants perennial, cespitose, (5–)10–60 cm, bases hard, glabrous; rhizomes absent. | Plants annual, cespitose, delicate, to 30(–40) cm, bases soft; rhizomes absent. |
Leaves | polystichous, mostly spreading-excurved, to 1/2 as long as culms; sheaths usually entire; ligule absent; blades linear, 2–3 mm wide, flat or shallowly involute, margin scabrid, apex blunt. |
polystichous, spreading to ascending, to 1/2 length of culms or longer; sheaths entire or ciliate distally, backs hirtellous; ligule absent; blades linear-filiform, 0.5 mm wide, flat or involute, scabridciliate, often abaxially hirtellous. |
Inflorescences | simple or compound anthelae with numerous small pedunculate clusters of sessile spikelets; scapes linear, distally terete, 1–2 mm thick; involucral bracts short, usually shorter than inflorescence. |
anthelae simple or compound, mostly open, ascending-branched, mostly longer than broad; scapes filiform, 0.5 mm wide, distally compressed, mostly glabrous; longer involucral bracts leafy, equaling or exceeded by anthela. |
Spikelets | greenish brown or yellow-brown, ovoid, 2–3 mm; fertile scales broadly ovate, 1–1.5 mm, obtuse or apically notched, midrib not excurrent. |
greenish brown or brownish, lanceoloid or narrowly ellipsoid-cylindric, 4–5 mm; fertile scales ovate, acute, glabrous, midrib excurrent as slender, excurved cusp. |
Flowers | stamens usually 1; styles 2-fid, slender, glabrous. |
stamens 1; styles 2-fid, slender, base flat, long-fimbriate, hairs recurved over achene summit. |
Achenes | dark brown to nearly black, tumidly obovoid, rarely obscurely 3-ribbed, 1 mm, faintly striate to variously warty, faintly reticulate. |
pale brown, lenticular, obovoid, 0.9 mm, smooth or very finely reticulate. |
2n | = 56. |
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Fimbristylis cymosa |
Fimbristylis squarrosa |
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Phenology | Fruiting all year. | |
Habitat | Sands of sea beaches, brackish sandy open sites, often disturbed, commonly just in from mangrove or on sandy road shoulders | Moist sands or silts, low clearings, fields |
Elevation | 0–50 m (0–200 ft) | low to high elevations |
Distribution |
FL; s Mexico; Central America; South America; Africa; Asia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia |
NJ; South America; West Indies (Cuba); Central America (Honduras); Asia; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | New World examples of Fimbristylis cymosa are almost exclusively bicarpellate, with bifid styles; Old World Oceania examples are tricarpellate, with trifid styles, a form not covered in this treatment. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Fimbristylis squarrosa is an Old World temperate to tropical weed, mostly of Asia and Africa. While Fimbristylis squarrosa has been collected only once in North America from ballast at Camden, New Jersey (C. F. Parker, in 1865), the weedy and often ruderal nature of the species makes it a likely future adventive. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 128. | FNA vol. 23, p. 127. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | F. melanospora, F. obtusifolia, F. sintenisii, F. spathacea, Scirpus obtusifolius | F. comata, F. hirta, Isolepis hirta, Pocronostylis squarrosus |
Name authority | R. Brown: Prodr., 228. (1810) | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 289. (1805) |
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