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hurricanegrass

ditch fimbry

Habit Plants perennial, cespitose, (5–)10–60 cm, bases hard, glabrous; rhizomes absent. Plants annual, cespitose, 10–35(–40) cm, glabrous; rhizomes absent.
Leaves

polystichous, mostly spreading-excurved, to 1/2 as long as culms;

sheaths usually entire;

ligule absent;

blades linear, 2–3 mm wide, flat or shallowly involute, margin scabrid, apex blunt.

polystichous, mostly spreading to ascending;

sheath margins entire;

ligule present, complete;

blades narrowly linear, to 1 mm wide, flat to shallowly involute, margins distantly scabrid, surface glabrous.

Inflorescences

simple or compound anthelae with numerous small pedunculate clusters of sessile spikelets;

scapes linear, distally terete, 1–2 mm thick;

involucral bracts short, usually shorter than inflorescence.

spikelets 1, terminal or 2–3 in simple anthela longer than broad, laterals subsessile;

scapes narrowly linear, coarsely ribbed, distally compressed;

involucral bracts usually 1 per spikelet, exceeding or exceeded by it.

Spikelets

greenish brown or yellow-brown, ovoid, 2–3 mm;

fertile scales broadly ovate, 1–1.5 mm, obtuse or apically notched, midrib not excurrent.

yellowish, mostly turgidly ovoid, 5–8 mm;

fertile scales broadly ovate, 2–3 mm, apex obtuse, entire, midrib excurrent or not.

Flowers

stamens usually 1;

styles 2-fid, slender, glabrous.

stamens 3, styles 2-fid, flattened, fimbriate.

Achenes

dark brown to nearly black, tumidly obovoid, rarely obscurely 3-ribbed, 1 mm, faintly striate to variously warty, faintly reticulate.

near white to pale brown, lenticular-obovoid to obpyriform, 2 mm, appearing smooth under 10–20X magnification, under higher power finely longitudinally ribbed, with fine, isodiametric pits in vertical lines.

2n

= 56.

= 10.

Fimbristylis cymosa

Fimbristylis schoenoides

Phenology Fruiting all year. Fruiting summer–fall, all year in south.
Habitat Sands of sea beaches, brackish sandy open sites, often disturbed, commonly just in from mangrove or on sandy road shoulders Moist sands or sandy peats of roadsides, ditches, flatwoods clearings, savanna, and particularly, disturbed low, open areas
Elevation 0–50 m (0–200 ft) 1–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; s Mexico; Central America; South America; Africa; Asia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; tropical Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

New World examples of Fimbristylis cymosa are almost exclusively bicarpellate, with bifid styles; Old World Oceania examples are tricarpellate, with trifid styles, a form not covered in this treatment.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Fimbristylis schoenoides is an unusual Fimbristylis for us, with a smooth, “eleocharis-like” appearance. The plants are mostly low and spreading-culmed, glabrous annuals of Asian origin.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 128. FNA vol. 23, p. 124.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis
Sibling taxa
F. annua, F. autumnalis, F. brevivaginata, F. caroliniana, F. castanea, F. decipiens, F. dichotoma, F. miliacea, F. perpusilla, F. puberula, F. schoenoides, F. squarrosa, F. thermalis, F. tomentosa, F. vahlii
F. annua, F. autumnalis, F. brevivaginata, F. caroliniana, F. castanea, F. cymosa, F. decipiens, F. dichotoma, F. miliacea, F. perpusilla, F. puberula, F. squarrosa, F. thermalis, F. tomentosa, F. vahlii
Synonyms F. melanospora, F. obtusifolia, F. sintenisii, F. spathacea, Scirpus obtusifolius Scirpus schoenoides, F. inconstans
Name authority R. Brown: Prodr., 228. (1810) (Retzius) Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 286. (1805)
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